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			<titleStmt><title level='a'>Fast droplet impact onto slowly moving deep pools</title></titleStmt>
			<publicationStmt>
				<publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher>
				<date>06/25/2026</date>
			</publicationStmt>
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				<bibl> 
					<idno type="par_id">10692095</idno>
					<idno type="doi">10.1017/jfm.2026.11586</idno>
					<title level='j'>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</title>
<idno>0022-1120</idno>
<biblScope unit="volume">1037</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue"></biblScope>					

					<author>Thomas C Sykes</author><author>Luke Alventosa</author><author>J Rafael Castrejón-Pita</author><author>Radu Cimpeanu</author><author>Daniel M Harris</author><author>Alfonso A Castrejón-Pita</author>
				</bibl>
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			<abstract><ab><![CDATA[When a fast droplet impacts a pool, the resulting ejecta sheet dynamics determine the final impact outcome. At low capillary numbers, the ejecta sheet remains separate from a deep static pool, while at higher values, it develops into a lamella. Here, we show that the common natural scenario of a slowly moving deep pool can change the upstream impact outcome, creating highly three-dimensional dynamics no longer characterised by a single descriptor. By considering how pool movement constrains the evolution of the ejecta sheet angle, we reach a length-scale invariant parametrisation for the upstream transition that holds for a wide range of fluids and impact conditions. Direct numerical simulations show similar dynamics for an equivalent oblique impact, indicating that the air boundary layer above a moving pool does not play a decisive role for low pool–droplet speed ratios. Our results also provide insight into the physical mechanisms that underpin pool impact outcomes more generally.]]></ab></abstract>
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