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			<titleStmt><title level='a'>Steerable terahertz beams using surface waves on an active metasurface</title></titleStmt>
			<publicationStmt>
				<publisher>Springer Nature</publisher>
				<date>12/01/2026</date>
			</publicationStmt>
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				<bibl> 
					<idno type="par_id">10696499</idno>
					<idno type="doi">10.1038/s41598-025-33364-1</idno>
					<title level='j'>Scientific Reports</title>
<idno>2045-2322</idno>
<biblScope unit="volume">16</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>					

					<author>Yaseman Shiri</author><author>Jeffrey Lei</author><author>Yasith Amarasinghe</author><author>Hou-Tong Chen</author><author>Chun-Chieh Chang</author><author>Michael P Lilly</author><author>Sadhvikas Addamane</author><author>Daniel M Mittleman</author>
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			<abstract><ab><![CDATA[The development of dynamic components for controlling wave fronts in the sub-terahertz regionof the electromagnetic spectrum has emerged as a frontier research topic for many applicationsin sensing and communications. One approach which has attracted much attention involves theuse of active metasurfaces, tiled arrays of sub-wavelength elements with properties that can bereconfigured via external actuation. In nearly all cases, these metasurfaces are employed as eithertransmissive or reflective elements, taking advantage of their strong and tunable interaction withfree-space electromagnetic waves. These interactions can be significantly enhanced through theuse of surface waves propagating parallel to the metasurface array, although very few studies haveexploited this option. Here, we integrate a metasurface into the interior of a parallel-plate waveguidein a configuration explicitly designed to exploit this surface-wave geometry. We show that varyingthe electrical properties of the active metasurface changes the wave vector of the guided mode, andthereby alters the emission angle of radiation out-coupled through a leaky-wave slot aperture. Theseresults, which are consistent with numerical simulations, represent a new approach to broadbandbeam steering suitable for the sub-terahertz spectral range.]]></ab></abstract>
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