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1. Test of lepton flavor universality with a measurement of $R\left(D^{*}\right)$ using hadronic $B$ tagging at the Belle II experiment

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.072020  

   Adachi, I; Adamczyk, K; Aggarwal, L; Ahmed, H; Aihara, H; Akopov, N; Aloisio, A; Anh_Ky, N; Asner, D M; Atmacan, H; et al (October 2024, Physical Review D)

   The ratio of branching fractions $R\left(D^{*}\right)=\mathcal{B}(\overline{B}\to D^{*}{\tau }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\tau })/\mathcal{B}(\overline{B}\to D^{*}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell })$ , where $\ell$ is an electron or muon, is measured using a Belle II data sample with an integrated luminosity of $189{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider. Data is collected at the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(4\mathrm{S}\right)$ resonance, and one $B$ meson in the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(4\mathrm{S}\right)\to B\overline{B}$ decay is fully reconstructed in hadronic decay modes. The accompanying signal $B$ meson is reconstructed as $\overline{B}\to D^{*}{\tau }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\tau }$ using leptonic $\tau$ decays. The normalization decay, $\overline{B}\to D^{*}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ , produces the same observable final-state particles. The ratio of branching fractions is extracted in a simultaneous fit to two signal-discriminating variables in both channels and yields $R\left(D^{*}\right)={0.262}_{-0.039}^{+0.041}\left(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{-0.032}^{+0.035}\right(\mathrm{syst})$ . This result is consistent with the current world average and with Standard Model predictions. Published by the American Physical Society2024 

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2. Determination of $\left|V_{cb}\right|$ using $B\to D\ell {\nu }_l$ decays at Belle II

   https://doi.org/10.1103/vs8k-259v  

   Adachi, I; Adamczyk, K; Aggarwal, L; Ahmed, H; Ahn, Y; Aihara, H; Akopov, N; Alghamdi, S; Alhakami, M; Aloisio, A; et al (December 2025, Physical Review D)

   We present a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $\left|V_{cb}\right|$ from the decay $B\to D\ell {\nu }_{\ell }$ using a $365{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(4S\right)\to B\overline{B}$ data sample recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider. The semileptonic decay of one $B$ meson is reconstructed in the modes $B^0\to D^{-}(\to K^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{-}){\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }$ and $B^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^0(\to K^{+}{\pi }^{-}){\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }$ , where $\ell$ denotes either an electron or a muon. Charge conjugation is implied. The second $B$ meson in the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(4S\right)$ event is not reconstructed explicitly. Using an inclusive reconstruction of the unobserved neutrino momentum, we determine the recoil variable $w=v_B·v_D$ , where $v_B$ and $v_D$ are the four-velocities of the $B$ and $D$ mesons. We measure the total decay branching fractions to be $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to D^{-}{\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell })=(2.06\pm 0.05(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.10(\mathrm{sys}\left)\right)\%$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^0{\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell })=(2.31\pm 0.04(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.09(\mathrm{sys}\left)\right)\%$ . We probe lepton flavor universality by measuring $\mathcal{B}(B\to De{\nu }_e)/\mathcal{B}(B\to D\mu {\nu }_{\mu })=1.020\pm 0.020\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.022\left(\mathrm{sys}\right)$ . Fitting the partial decay branching fraction as a function of $w$ and using the average of lattice QCD calculations of the $B\to D$ form factor, we obtain $\left|V_{cb}\right|=(39.2\pm 0.4(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.6(\mathrm{sys})\pm 0.5(\mathrm{th}\left)\right)\times {10}^{-3}$ . 

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3. Measurement of inclusive $B\to X_u\ell \nu$ partial branching fractions and $\left|V_{ub}\right|$ at Belle II

   https://doi.org/10.1103/59ws-zxbt  

   Abumusabh, M; Adachi, I; Adamczyk, K; Aggarwal, L; Ahmed, H; Ahn, Y; Aihara, H; Akopov, N; Alghamdi, S; Alhakami, M; et al (February 2026, Physical Review D)

   A sample of $365{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(4S\right)\to B\overline{B}$ data collected by the Belle II experiment is used to measure the partial branching fractions of charmless semileptonic $B$ meson decays and determine the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $V_{ub}$ . Events containing a signal electron or muon $\ell$ and a fully reconstructed hadronic $B$ decay that constrains the signal kinematics are selected, while the rest of the event defines the hadronic system $X_u$ associated with the signal. To discriminate the signal from the 50-times larger background originating from CKM-favored semileptonic $B$ decays, a template fit is performed in both signal and control regions after applying an optimized selection. The partial branching fraction measured for lepton energies greater than 1 GeV in the signal $B$ meson rest frame is $\mathrm{\Delta }\mathcal{B}\left(B\to X_u\ell \nu \right)=(1.54\pm 0.08\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.12\left(\mathrm{syst}\right))\times {10}^{-3}$ . From this measurement, using the Gambino, Giordano, Ossola, Uraltsev theoretical framework, $\left|V_{ub}\right|=(4.01\pm 0.19_{-0.08}^{+0.07})\times {10}^{-3}$ is determined, where the uncertainties are experimental and theoretical, respectively. This value is consistent with the world average obtained from previous inclusive measurements. Different theoretical predictions and partial branching fractions measured in other phase-space regions, defined by additional selections on the $X_u$ and leptonic system masses, are also used to determine $\left|V_{ub}\right|$ . This allows for a comparison of the resulting values across theoretical frameworks and phase-space regions. 

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4. First Measurement of $R\left(X_{\tau /\ell }\right)$ as an Inclusive Test of the $b\to c\tau \nu$ Anomaly

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.211804  

   Adachi, I; Adamczyk, K; Aggarwal, L; Ahmed, H; Aihara, H; Akopov, N; Aloisio, A; Asner, D M; Atmacan, H; Aushev, T; et al (May 2024, Physical Review Letters)

   We measure the tau-to-light-lepton ratio of inclusive $B$ -meson branching fractions $R\left(X_{\tau /\ell }\right)\equiv \mathcal{B}(B\to X\tau \nu )/\mathcal{B}(B\to X\ell \nu )$ , where $\ell$ indicates an electron or muon, and thereby test the universality of charged-current weak interactions. We select events that have one fully reconstructed $B$ meson and a charged lepton candidate from $189{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of electron-positron collision data collected with the Belle II detector. We find $R\left(X_{\tau /\ell }\right)=0.228\pm 0.016\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.036\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)$ , in agreement with standard-model expectations. This is the first direct measurement of $R\left(X_{\tau /\ell }\right)$ . Published by the American Physical Society2024 

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5. Measurement of Angular Coefficients of $\overline{B}\to D^{*}\ell {\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ : Implications for $\left|V_{cb}\right|$ and Tests of Lepton Flavor Universality

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.131801  

   Prim, M T; Bernlochner, F; Metzner, F; Aihara, H; Asner, D M; Aushev, T; Ayad, R; Babu, V; Banerjee, Sw; Behera, P; et al (September 2024, Physical Review Letters)

   We measure the complete set of angular coefficients $J_i$ for exclusive $\overline{B}\to D^{*}\ell {\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays ( $\ell =e$ , $\mu$ ). Our analysis uses the full $711{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ Belle dataset with hadronic tag-side reconstruction. The results allow us to extract the form factors describing the $\overline{B}\to D^{*}$ transition and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $\left|V_{\mathrm{cb}}\right|$ . Using recent lattice QCD calculations for the hadronic form factors, we find $\left|V_{\mathrm{cb}}\right|=(40.7\pm 0.7)\times {10}^{-3}$ using the Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed parametrization, compatible with determinations from inclusive semileptonic decays. We search for lepton flavor universality violation as a function of the hadronic recoil parameter $w$ and investigate the differences of the electron and muon angular distributions. We find no deviation from standard model expectations. Published by the American Physical Society2024 

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