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Creators/Authors contains: "AKMAJIAN, A"

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  1. In this study progradation of the dune toe on the sandy, dune-backed beaches of Makah Bay, on the Pacific Ocean shorelines of the reservation lands of the Makah Tribe, were documented for the first time. A shoreline assessment was implemented that included repeat beach profile surveys using RTK-DGPS and aerial lidar, and historical change analysis using aerial photos. Analysis of GNSS and aerial lidar suggest patterns of dune toe progradation over the last decade at average rates of ~0.8 m/yr between 2010 and 2022 over almost all the 5.5 km length of beach in Makah Bay, excepting the ~250m long erosional area that prompted the study. A beach vegetation line delineated in aerial photos collected between 1952 and 2019 moved seaward at average rates of ~0.7 m/yr across the entire length of Makah Bay, suggesting that the pattern of progradation is long-lived. We assess evidence to evaluate whether this pattern of dune progradation can be explained by sediment supplies from watersheds draining to Makah Bay and conclude that local sediment supply cannot explain observed patterns. A variety of shoreline processes associated with relative sea-level fall are discussed and may explain the observed rates of shoreline progradation. 
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