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Abstract We use the formalism developed by Wald and Zoupas to derive explicit covariant expressions for the charges and fluxes associated with the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs symmetries at null infinity in asymptotically flat spacetimes in vacuum general relativity. Our expressions hold in non-stationary regions of null infinity, are local and covariant, conformally-invariant, and are independent of the choice of foliation of null infinity and of the chosen extension of the symmetries away from null infinity. While similar expressions have appeared previously in the literature in Bondi–Sachs coordinates (to which we compare our own), such a choice of coordinates obscures these properties. Ourmore »Free, publicly-accessible full text available March 29, 2023
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The interplay between convective, rotational and magnetic forces defines the dynamics within the electrically conducting regions of planets and stars. Yet their triadic effects are separated from one another in most studies, arguably due to the richness of each subset. In a single laboratory experiment, we apply a fixed heat flux, two different magnetic field strengths and one rotation rate, allowing us to chart a continuous path through Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC), two regimes of magnetoconvection, rotating convection and two regimes of rotating magnetoconvection, before finishing back at RBC. Dynamically rapid transitions are determined to exist between jump rope vortex states,more »Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 25, 2023
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A combined experimental and theoretical study of quantum state-resolved rotational energy transfer kinetics of optically centrifuged CO molecules is presented. In the experiments, inverted rotational distributions of CO in rotational states up to J=80 were prepared using two different optical centrifuge traps, one with the full spectral bandwidth of the optical centrifuge pulses, and one with reduced bandwidth. The relaxation kinetics of the high-J tail of the inverted distribution from each optical trap was determined based on high-resolution transient IR absorption measurements. In parallel studies, master equation simulations were performed using state-to-state rate constants for CO-CO collisions in states upmore »Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 1, 2023
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Free, publicly-accessible full text available March 1, 2023
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Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 1, 2023
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Free, publicly-accessible full text available January 1, 2023
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The insulin and insulin-like signalling (IIS) network plays an important role in mediating several life-history traits, including growth, reproduction and senescence. Although insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) 1 and 2 are both key hormones in the vertebrate IIS network, research on IGF2 in juveniles and adults has been largely neglected because early biomedical research on rodents found negligible IGF2 postnatal expression. Here, we challenge this assumption and ask to what degree IGF2 is expressed during postnatal life across amniotes by quantifying the relative gene expression of IGF1 and IGF2 using publicly available RNAseq data for 82 amniote species and quantitative polymerasemore »Free, publicly-accessible full text available February 23, 2023
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Store-operated calcium entry through calcium release–activated calcium (CRAC) channels replenishes intracellular calcium stores and plays a critical role in cellular calcium signaling. CRAC channels are activated by tightly regulated interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium sensor STIM proteins and plasma membrane (PM) Orai channels. Our current understanding of the role of STIM–Orai-dependent calcium signals under physiologically relevant conditions remains limited in part due to a lack of spatiotemporally precise methods for direct manipulation of endogenous CRAC channels. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of azoboronate light-operated CRAC channel inhibitors (LOCIs) that allow for a dynamic and fully reversiblemore »Free, publicly-accessible full text available March 29, 2023
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Free, publicly-accessible full text available January 13, 2023
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Free, publicly-accessible full text available June 6, 2023