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Examining the statistical relationships between volcanic seismic, infrasound, and electrical signals: A case study of Sakurajima volcano, 2015

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106996

Smith, Cassandra M. ; Thompson, Glenn ; Reader, Steven ; Behnke, Sonja A. ; McNutt, Stephen R. ; Thomas, Ron ; Edens, Harald ( September 2020 , Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research)

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Correlating the electrification of volcanic plumes with ashfall textures at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.052

Smith, Cassandra M. ; Van Eaton, Alexa R. ; Charbonnier, Sylvain ; McNutt, Stephen R. ; Behnke, Sonja A. ; Thomas, Ronald J. ; Edens, Harald E. ; Thompson, Glenn ( June 2018 , Earth and Planetary Science Letters)

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Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015

https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092323

Smith, Cassandra M. ; Gaudin, Damien ; Van Eaton, Alexa R. ; Behnke, Sonja A. ; Reader, Steven ; Thomas, Ronald J. ; Edens, Harald ; McNutt, Stephen R. ; Cimarelli, Corrado ( May 2021 , Geophysical Research Letters)

Abstract
The origin of electrical activity accompanying volcanic ash plumes is an area of heightened interest in volcanology. However, it is unclear how intense an eruption needs to be to produce lightning flashes as opposed to “vent discharges,” which represent the smallest scale of electrical activity. This study targets 97 carefully monitored plumes <3 km high from Sakurajima volcano in Japan, from June 1 to 7, 2015. We use multiparametric measurements from sensors including a nine‐station lightning mapping array and an infrared camera to characterize plume ascent. Findings demonstrate that the impulsive, high velocity plumes (>55 m/s) were most likely to create vent discharges, whereas lightning flashes occurred in plumes with high volume flux. We identified conditions where volcanic lightning occurred without detectable vent discharges, highlighting their independent source mechanisms. Our results imply that plume dynamics govern the charging for volcanic lightning, while the characteristics of the source explosion control vent discharges.

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