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  1. We study a Z_3 Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice with nearest neighbor interactions. Based on matrix product state simulations and symmetry considerations, we find evidence that, with ferromagnetic isotropic couplings, the model realizes a chiral spin liquid, characterized by a possible U(1)_{12} chiral topological order. This is supported by simulations on both cylinder and strip geometries. On infinitely long cylinders with various widths, scaling analysis of entanglement entropy and maximal correlation length suggests that the model has a gapped two-dimensional bulk. The topological entanglement entropy is extracted and found to be in agreement with the U(1)_{12} topological order. On infinitely long strips with moderate widths, we find the model is critical with a central charge consistent with the chiral edge theory of the U(1)_{12} topological phase. We conclude by discussing several open questions. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 1, 2025
  2. Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter, which is essential for transmitting signals in neuronal communications. The deficiency of DA release from neurons is implicated in neurological disorders. There has been great interest in developing new optical probes for monitoring the release behavior of DA from neurons. H-aggregates of organic dyes represent an ordered supramolecular structure with delocalized excitons. In this paper, we use the self-assembly of 3,3′-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC 2 (5)) in ammonia solution to develop crystalline H-aggregate nanoparticles, in which DiSC 2 (5) molecules show long-range π–π stacking. The crystalline H-aggregate nanoparticles are stable in cell culture medium and can serve as an efficient photo-induced electron transfer (PET) probe for the detection of DA with the concentration as low as 0.1 nM in cell culture medium. Furthermore, the crystalline H-aggregate nanoparticle-based PET probe is used to detect the release behavior of DA from the M17 human neuroblastoma cells. We find that the DA release from the cells is enhanced by nicotine stimulations. Our results highlight the potential of crystalline H-aggregate nanoparticle-based PET probes for diagnosing nervous system diseases and verifying therapies. 
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