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  1. ; ; ( , International conference on machine learning)
    While contrastive approaches of self-supervised learning (SSL) learn representations by minimizing the distance between two augmented views of the same data point (positive pairs) and maximizing views from different data points (negative pairs), recent \emph{non-contrastive} SSL (e.g., BYOL and SimSiam) show remarkable performance {\it without} negative pairs, with an extra learnable predictor and a stop-gradient operation. A fundamental question rises: why they do not collapse into trivial representation? In this paper, we answer this question via a simple theoretical study and propose a novel approach, \ourmethod{}, that \emph{directly} sets the linear predictor based on the statistics of its inputs, rathermore »than trained with gradient update. On ImageNet, it performs comparably with more complex two-layer non-linear predictors that employ BatchNorm and outperforms linear predictor by 2.5 in 300-epoch training (and 5 in 60-epoch). \ourmethod{} is motivated by our theoretical study of the nonlinear learning dynamics of non-contrastive SSL in simple linear networks. Our study yields conceptual insights into how non-contrastive SSL methods learn, how they avoid representational collapse, and how multiple factors, like predictor networks, stop-gradients, exponential moving averages, and weight decay all come into play. Our simple theory recapitulates the results of real-world ablation studies in both STL-10 and ImageNet. Code is released.« less
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 1, 2022
  2. ; ; ; ; ; ( , Proceedings of the USENIX NSDI Symposium)
    Small, low-cost IoT devices are typically equipped with only a single, low-quality antenna, significantly limiting communication range and link quality. In particular, these antennas are typically linearly polarized and therefore susceptible to polarization mismatch, which can easily cause 10-15 dBm of link loss on communication to and from such devices. In this work, we highlight this under-appreciated issue and propose the augmentation of IoT deployment environments with programmable, RF-sensitive surfaces made of metamaterials. Our smart meta-surface mitigates polarization mismatch by rotating the polarization of signals that pass through or reflect off the surface. We integrate our metasurface into an IoTmore »network as LLAMA, a Low-power Lattice of Actuated Metasurface Antennas, designed for the pervasively used 2.4 GHz ISM band. We optimize LLAMA’s metasurface design for both low transmission loss and low cost, to facilitate deployment at scale. We then build an end-to-end system that actuates the metasurface structure to optimize for link performance in real time. Our experimental prototype-based evaluation demonstrates gains in link power of up to 15 dBm, and wireless capacity improvements of 100 and 180 Kbit/s/Hz in through-surface and surface-reflective scenarios, respectively, attributable to the polarization rotation properties of LLAMA’s metasurface.« less
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 14, 2022
  3. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta)
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 1, 2022
  4. ; ; ( , Proceedings of the American Control Conference)
    Accepted Manuscript Full Text Available
  5. ; ; ; ( , IEEE ICC)
    Accepted Manuscript Full Text Available
  6. ; ; ; ; ; ; ( , IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management)
    Full Text Available 
  7. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , Science Advances)
    Full Text Available 
  8. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , Nature Communications)
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  9. ; ( , IEEE transactions on industrial informatics)
    Accepted Manuscript Full Text Available
  10. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( , Physical Review B)
    Full Text Available