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Abstract Severe and frequent heat and drought events challenge the survival and development of long-generation trees. In this study, we investigated the genomic basis of heat tolerance, water use efficiency, and growth by performing genome-wide association studies in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and intervarietal (menziesii x glauca) hybrid seedlings. GWAS results identified 32 candidate genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism, abiotic stress and signaling, among other functions. Water use efficiency (inferred from carbon isotope discrimination), photosynthetic capacity (inferred from %N), height, and heat tolerance (inferred from electrolyte leakage in a heat stress experiment) were significantly different among Douglas-fir families and varieties. High elevation seed sources had increased water use efficiency, which could be a result of higher photosynthetic capacity. Similarly, families with greater heat tolerance also had higher water use efficiency and slower growth, suggesting a conservative growth strategy. Intervarietal hybrids showed increased heat tolerance (lower electrolyte leakage at 50 oC and 55 oC) and higher water use efficiency compared to coastal families, suggesting hybridization might be a source of pre-adapted alleles to warming climates and should be considered for large-scale reforestation projects under increasingly arid conditions.