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Müller-Moulé, Patricia ; Nozue, Kazunari ; Pytlak, Melissa L. ; Palmer, Christine M. ; Covington, Michael F. ; Wallace, Andreah D. ; Harmer, Stacey L. ; Maloof, Julin N. ( , PeerJ)
Plants respond to neighbor shade by increasing stem and petiole elongation. Shade, sensed by phytochrome photoreceptors, causes stabilization of
PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR proteins and subsequent induction ofYUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes. To investigate the role ofYUCCA genes in phytochrome-mediated elongation, we examined auxin signaling kinetics after an end-of-day far-red (EOD-FR) light treatment, and found that an auxin responsive reporter is rapidly induced within 2 hours of far-red exposure.YUCCA2, 5, 8, and9 are all induced with similar kinetics suggesting that theycould act redundantly to control shade-mediated elongation. To test this hypothesis we constructed a yucca2, 5, 8, 9 quadruple mutant and found that the hypocotyl and petiole EOD-FR and shade avoidance responses are completely disrupted. This work shows thatYUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes are essential for detectable shade avoidance and thatYUCCA genes are important for petiole shade avoidance. -
Brock, Marcus T. ; Lucas, Lauren K. ; Anderson, Nickolas A. ; Rubin, Matthew J. ; Cody Markelz, R. J. ; Covington, Michael F. ; Devisetty, Upendra K. ; Chapple, Clint ; Maloof, Julin N. ; Weinig, Cynthia ( , Molecular Ecology)
Abstract Floral attraction traits can significantly affect pollinator visitation patterns, but adaptive evolution of these traits may be constrained by correlations with other traits. In some cases, molecular pathways contributing to floral attraction are well characterized, offering the opportunity to explore loci potentially underlying variation among individuals. Here, we quantify the range of variation in floral
UV patterning (i.e.UV ‘bulls‐eye nectar guides) among crop and wild accessions ofBrassica rapa . We then use experimental crosses to examine the genetic architecture, candidate loci and biochemical underpinnings of this patterning as well as phenotypic manipulations to test the ecological impact. We find qualitative variation inUV patterning between wild (commonly lackingUV patterns) and crop (commonly exhibitingUV patterns) accessions. Similar to the majority of crops, recombinant inbred lines (RIL s) derived from an oilseed crop ×WI fast‐plant®cross exhibitUV patterns, the size of which varies extensively among genotypes. InRIL s, we further observe strong statistical‐genetic andQTL correlations within petal morphological traits and within measurements of petalUV patterning; however, correlations between morphology andUV patterning are weak or nonsignificant, suggesting thatUV patterning is regulated and may evolve independently of overall petal size.HPLC analyses reveal a high concentration of sinapoyl glucose inUV ‐absorbing petal regions, which, in concert with physical locations ofUV ‐traitQTL s, suggest a regulatory and structural gene as candidates underlying observed quantitative variation. Finally, insects prefer flowers withUV bulls‐eye patterns over those that lack patterns, validating the importance ofUV patterning in pollen‐limited populations ofB. rapa .