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Relative abundances of all microbial PiCRUST-inferred functional pathways for all samples, based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data from a mire-wide survey (2015) and co-analyzed autochamber site samples (2014-2015). The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data is available under NCBI BioProject PRJNA1236848. The sample metadata and SRA accessions are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15047156. FUNDING: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Interdisciplinary Science program: From Archaea to the Atmosphere (award # NNX17AK10G). National Science Foundation, Biology Integration Institutes Program: EMERGE Biology Integration Institute (award # 2022070). United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program: The IsoGenie Project (grant #s DE-SC0004632, DE-SC0010580, and DE-SC0016440). Sequencing was performed using startup funding from the University of Arizona to Virginia Rich. We thank the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and SITES for the support of the work done at the Abisko Scientific Research Station. SITES is supported by the Swedish Research Council's grant 4.3-2021-00164. 

Stordalen Mire microbial ASV table (mire-wide_ASV_table.tsv) and taxonomy (mire-wide_taxonomy.tsv), based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data from a mire-wide survey (2015) and co-analyzed autochamber site samples (2014-2015). The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data is available under NCBI BioProject PRJNA1236848. The sample metadata and SRA accessions are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15047156. FUNDING: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Interdisciplinary Science program: From Archaea to the Atmosphere (award # NNX17AK10G). National Science Foundation, Biology Integration Institutes Program: EMERGE Biology Integration Institute (award # 2022070). United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program: The IsoGenie Project (grant #s DE-SC0004632, DE-SC0010580, and DE-SC0016440). Sequencing was performed using startup funding from the University of Arizona to Virginia Rich. We thank the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and SITES for the support of the work done at the Abisko Scientific Research Station. SITES is supported by the Swedish Research Council's grant 4.3-2021-00164. 

Stordalen Mire sample metadata from a mire-wide survey (2015) and co-analyzed autochamber site samples (2014-2015). These samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and the 16S data is available under NCBI BioProject PRJNA1236848. Column descriptions for this metadata file: The first 4 columns (sample_name, SRA library_ID, SRA accession, BioSample) include sample & library names and accessions in NCBI. The sample_name column also matches the SampleID__ attribute in the EMERGE Database (EMERGE-DB; https://emerge-db.asc.ohio-state.edu/). The next 7 columns (SampleID, Habitat, Depth, Description, Source, Site, Origin) are the metadata used for the 16S data analysis (results available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15047596 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15047715). The final 9 columns (Latitude, Longitude, Date, Full Site Name, Core #, DepthMin (cm), DepthMax (cm), DepthAvg (cm), pH_porewater) provide other metadata, including latitude/longitude, sampling dates, full site and core names, depths, and porewater pH, standardized to match the nomenclature in the EMERGE-DB. FUNDING: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Interdisciplinary Science program: From Archaea to the Atmosphere (award # NNX17AK10G). National Science Foundation, Biology Integration Institutes Program: EMERGE Biology Integration Institute (award # 2022070). United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program: The IsoGenie Project (grant #s DE-SC0004632, DE-SC0010580, and DE-SC0016440). Sequencing was performed using startup funding from the University of Arizona to Virginia Rich. We thank the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and SITES for the support of the work done at the Abisko Scientific Research Station. SITES is supported by the Swedish Research Council's grant 4.3-2021-00164. 

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been used to enhance the selectivity of CO2 electrochemical reduction. Traditionally, this selectivity was attributed to repulsion of water molecules due to a CTAB self-assembled monolayer, which forms under negative potential and disassembles at positive voltage due to electrostatic repulsions. In this report, using in operando interface sensitivity sum frequency generation spectroscopy, we investigated the self-assembly behavior of CTAB across a broad electrochemical potential range. We observed that CTAB molecules form a stable monolayer at the Stern layer over the entire potential scan, even when the electrodes are positively charged. Rather than disassembling, the CTAB molecules reorient themselves to balance the electrostatic interactions and the non-covalent hydrophobic effects, the latter being the primary driving force maintaining the monolayer at a positive potential. This finding contrasts the traditional view that CTAB monolayers are absent when the electrodes are positively charged, indicating a stable and ordered monolayer with respect to the electrostatic repulsions at liquid/electrode interfaces. The balance between non-covalent and electrostatic interactions offers a facile and reversible electrochemical method to control the local environment and dominating interactions at the Stern layer of the electrode surface, thus providing a means for engineering a micro-electrochemical environment. 

Predators impact prey populations directly through consumption and indirectly via trait-mediated effects like predator-induced emigration (PIE), where prey alter movement due to predation risk. While PIE can significantly influence prey dynamics, its combined effect with direct predation in fragmented habitats is underexplored. Habitat fragmentation reduces viable habitats and isolates populations, necessitating an understanding of these interactions for conservation. In this paper, we present a reaction–diffusion model to investigate prey persistence under both direct predation and PIE in fragmented landscapes. The model considers prey growing logistically within a bounded habitat patch surrounded by a hostile matrix. Prey move via unbiased random walks internally but exhibit biased movement at habitat boundaries influenced by predation risk. Predators are assumed constant, operating on a different timescale. We examine three predation functional responses—constant yield, Holling Type I, and Holling Type III—and three emigration patterns: density-independent, positive density-dependent, and negative density-dependent emigration. Using the method of sub- and supersolutions, we establish conditions for the existence and multiplicity of positive steady-state solutions. Numerical simulations in one-dimensional habitats further elucidate the structure of these solutions. Our findings demonstrate that the interplay between direct predation and PIE crucially affects prey persistence in fragmented habitats. Depending on the functional response and emigration pattern, PIE can either mitigate or amplify the impact of direct predation. This underscores the importance of incorporating both direct and indirect predation effects in ecological models to better predict species dynamics and inform conservation strategies in fragmented landscapes. 

This is a pre-release of this MAG set, which is now published in ENA under BioProject PRJNA386568.FILES: mags_emerge_20230110.tar.gz - Archive containing MAG files (.fna). metadata_MAGs_EMERGE.tsv - Table containing MIMAG(5.0)-formatted sample attributes, genome information, and other metadata for the MAGs. This table also includes JGI or NCBI genome accession #s for some additional MAGs that are not part of the .tar.gz archive.  NEW in Version 1.0.0: Added source metagenome accessions, including SRA runs (derived_from) and BioSamples (metaG_biosample), for all MAGs where this info was available. Added other metadata (including SampleID__, assembly methods, and sequencing technology) that was previously absent for the externally-cited MAGs.   FUNDING: This research is a contribution of the EMERGE Biology Integration Institute (https://emerge-bii.github.io/), funded by the National Science Foundation, Biology Integration Institutes Program, Award # 2022070. This study was also funded by the Genomic Science Program of the United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, grant #s DE-SC0004632. DE-SC0010580. and DE-SC0016440. We thank the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and SITES for the support of the work done at the Abisko Scientific Research Station. SITES is supported by the Swedish Research Council's grant 4.3-2021-00164. Data collected at the Joint Genome Institute was generated under the following awards: The majority of sequencing at JGI was supported by BER Support Science Proposal 503530 (DOI: 10.46936/10.25585/60001148), conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (https://ror.org/04xm1d337), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Sequencing of SIP samples was performed under the Facilities Integrating Collaborations for User Science (FICUS) initiative (proposal 503547; award DOI: 10.46936/fics.proj.2017.49950/60006215) and used resources at the DOE Joint Genome Institute (https://ror.org/04xm1d337) and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (https://ror.org/04rc0xn13), which are DOE Office of Science User Facilities. Both facilities are sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and operated under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (JGI) and DE-AC05-76RL01830 (EMSL). 

Abstract We present an analysis of the Hα-emitting ionized gas in the warm phase of the NGC 253 outflow using integral field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. In each spaxel, we decompose Hα, [Nii], and [Sii] emission lines into a system of up to three Gaussian components, accounting for the velocity contributions due to the disk and both intercepted walls of an outflow cone. In the approaching southern lobe of the outflow, we find maximum deprojected outflow velocities down to ∼−500 km s⁻¹. Velocity gradients of this outflowing gas range from ∼−350 to −550 km s⁻¹kpc⁻¹with increasing distance from the nucleus. Additionally, [Nii]/Hαand [Sii]/Hαintegrated line ratios are suggestive of shocks as the dominant ionization source throughout the wind. Electron densities, inferred from the [Sii] doublet, peak at 2100 cm⁻³near the nucleus and reach ≲50 cm⁻³in the wind. Finally, at an uncertainty of 0.3 dex on the inferred mass of 4 × 10⁵M_⊙, the mass-outflow rate of the Hα-emitting gas in the southern outflow lobe is ∼0.4M_⊙yr⁻¹. This yields a mass-loading factor ofη ∼ 0.1 and a ∼2% starburst energy efficiency.