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Abstract Thermal transport in amorphous lithium‐sulfur (a‐Li_xS) is systematically investigated using molecular dynamics and the contributions from different types of heat carriers are quantitatively evaluated. In general, the thermal conductivity (TC) ofa‐Li_xS changes largely by varying the concentration (x) of Li ions ina‐Li_xS. Interestingly, the TC ofa‐Li_xS shows three distinct regimes of dependence on Li concentration. For low Li concentration (x = 0.4–1.2), the TC grows slowly, followed by a rapid increase in TC for medium Li concentration (x = 1.2–1.6), where the growth rate is three times that of the first regime, and finally, the TC is independent of Li concentration (x = 1.6–2.0). The TC enhancement in the first and second regimes is mainly attributed to propagating and non‐propagating vibrational modes ina‐Li_xS, respectively. In contrast, the stable thermal transport regime is governed by the competition between propagating and non‐propagating phonons. These investigations provide quantitative TC data of various polysulfides for shuttling analysis, and a fundamental understanding of the thermal transport mechanism of complexa‐Li_xS structures, which is beneficial for the rational design of thermal management of Li‐S batteries.