Raman scattering is performed on Fe3GeTe2(FGT) at temperatures from 8 to 300 K and under pressures from the ambient pressure to 9.43 GPa. Temperature‐dependent and pressure‐dependent Raman spectra are reported. The results reveal respective anomalous softening and moderate stiffening of the two Raman active modes as a result of the increase of pressure. The anomalous softening suggests anharmonic phonon dynamics and strong spin–phonon coupling. Pressure‐dependent density functional theory and phonon calculations are conducted and used to study the magnetic properties of FGT and assign the observed Raman modes,
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Abstract and . The calculations proved the strong spin–phonon coupling for the mode. In addition, a synergistic interplay of pressure‐induced reduction of spin exchange interactions and spin–orbit coupling effect accounts for the softening of the mode as pressure increases. -
Triangular Arrangement of Ferromagnetic Iron Chains in the High‐ T C Ferromagnet TiFe 1−x Os 2+x B 2
Abstract Transition‐metal borides (TMBs) containing B
n ‐fragment (n >3) have recently gained interest for their ability to enable exciting magnetic materials. Herein, we show that the B4‐containing TiFe0.64(1)Os2.36(1)B2is a new ferromagnetic TMB with a Curie temperature of 523(2) K and a Weiss constant of 554(3) K, originating from the chain ofM 3‐triangles (M =64 %Fe+36 %Os). The new phase was synthesized from the elements by arc‐melting, and its structure was elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It belongs to the Ti1+x Os2−x RuB2‐type structure (space groupP 2 m , no. 189) and contains trigonal‐planar B4boron fragments [B−B distance of 1.87(4) Å] interacting withM 3‐triangles [M–M distances of 2.637(8) Å and 3.0199(2) Å]. The experimental results were supported by computational calculations based on the ideal TiFeOs2B2composition, which revealed strong ferromagnetic interactions within and between the Fe3‐triangles. This discovery represents the first magnetically ordered Os‐rich TMB, thus it will help expand our knowledge of the role of Os in low‐dimensional magnetism of intermetallics and enable the design of such materials in the future. -
Whilst MXenes (2D carbides and nitrides) have become highly popular in several research fields including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), unfortunately they are not competitive HER electrocatalysts in their bulk form (MAX phases). The related MAB (2D‐like bulk borides) phases and the derived 2D MBenes, however, are less studied but show better HER properties. Herein, two highly HER‐active and abundant MAB phases, Ni
n +1ZnBn (n = 1, 2), are studied experimentally and computationally. The pressed pellet electrodes from bulk polycrystalline powders of these phases drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2at impressive overpotentials ofη 10 = −0.171 V (n = 1) andη 10= −0.145 V (n = 2) to efficiently produce hydrogen. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the most active site is the hollow site on the nickel basal plane, showing a free energy value comparable to that of the hollow site of Pt (111). This study paves the way for further development of bulk and nanoscale MAB phases for clean energy applications. -
Abstract Transition‐metal borides (TMBs) have recently attracted attention as excellent hydrogen evolution (HER) electrocatalysts in bulk crystalline materials. Herein, we show for the first time that VB and V3B4have high electrocatalytic HER activity. Furthermore, we show that the HER activity (in 0.5
m H2SO4) increases with increasing boron chain condensation in vanadium borides: Using a −23 mV overpotential decrement derived from −0.296 mV (for VB at −10 mA cm−2current density) and −0.273 mV (for V3B4) we accurately predict the overpotential of VB2(−0.204 mV) as well as that of unstudied V2B3(−0.250 mV) and hypothetical “V5B8” (−0.227 mV). We then derived an exponential equation that predicts the overpotentials of known and hypothetical Vx By phases containing at least a boron chain. These results provide a direct correlation between crystal structure and HER activity, thus paving the way for the design of even better electrocatalytic materials through structure–activity relationships. -
Abstract Transition‐metal borides (TMBs) have recently attracted attention as excellent hydrogen evolution (HER) electrocatalysts in bulk crystalline materials. Herein, we show for the first time that VB and V3B4have high electrocatalytic HER activity. Furthermore, we show that the HER activity (in 0.5
m H2SO4) increases with increasing boron chain condensation in vanadium borides: Using a −23 mV overpotential decrement derived from −0.296 mV (for VB at −10 mA cm−2current density) and −0.273 mV (for V3B4) we accurately predict the overpotential of VB2(−0.204 mV) as well as that of unstudied V2B3(−0.250 mV) and hypothetical “V5B8” (−0.227 mV). We then derived an exponential equation that predicts the overpotentials of known and hypothetical Vx By phases containing at least a boron chain. These results provide a direct correlation between crystal structure and HER activity, thus paving the way for the design of even better electrocatalytic materials through structure–activity relationships. -
Abstract Most nanomaterials, such as transition metal carbides, phosphides, nitrides, chalcogenides, etc., have been extensively studied for their various properties in recent years. The similarly attractive transition metal borides, on the contrary, have seen little interest from the materials science community, mainly because nanomaterials are notoriously difficult to synthesize. Herein, a simple, general synthetic method toward crystalline transition metal boride nanomaterials is proposed. This new method takes advantage of the redox chemistry of Sn/SnCl2, the volatility and recrystallization of SnCl2at the synthesis conditions, as well as the immiscibility of tin with boron, to produce crystalline phases of 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metal nanoborides with different morphologies (nanorods, nanosheets, nanoprisms, nanoplates, nanoparticles, etc.). Importantly, this method allows flexibility in the choice of the transition metal, as well as the ability to target several compositions within the same binary phase diagram (e.g., Mo2B, α‐MoB, MoB2, Mo2B4). The simplicity and wide applicability of the method should enable the fulfillment of the great potential of this understudied class of materials, which show a variety of excellent chemical, electrochemical, and physical properties at the microscale.
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Abstract Abundant transition metal borides are emerging as substitute electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts for noble metals. Herein, an unusual canonic‐like behavior of the
c lattice parameter in the AlB2‐type solid solution Cr1–x Mox B2(x = 0, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1) and its direct correlation to the HER activity in 0.5 M H2SO4solution are reported. The activity increases with increasingx , reaching its maximum atx = 0.6 before decreasing again. At high current densities, Cr0.4Mo0.6B2outperforms Pt/C, as it needs 180 mV less overpotential to drive an 800 mA cm−2current density. Cr0.4Mo0.6B2has excellent long‐term stability and durability showing no significant activity loss after 5000 cycles and 25 h of operation in acid. First‐principles calculations have correctly reproduced the nonlinear dependence of thec lattice parameter and have shown that the mixed metal/B layers, such as (110), promote hydrogen evolution more efficiently forx = 0.6, supporting the experimental results.