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Creators/Authors contains: "Forbes, Jeffrey M"

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  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (, Geophysical Research Letters)
    Abstract Mesopause‐region (87 km) gravity waves (GWs) generated by tropical convection are investigated within the four longitude sectors encompassing Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and South America during the Dec 2023–Feb 2024 Southern Hemisphere monsoon season. Variances () in the OH Q‐line emission measured by the Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) capture GW activity, and precipitation rates (PR) from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission identify regions of convective activity. The zonal component of GWs comprising the between 10S‐10N primarily propagate eastward. The distributions are latitudinally shifted and more confined in local solar time (LST) compared with those of PR. Mesospheric winds (including tides) appear to induce the latitude‐longitude‐LST variability seen in through critical‐level filtering and Doppler‐shifting of the GWs. These new insights into the variability of the GW spectrum entering the ionosphere‐thermosphere system further our understanding of the dynamical connections between tropospheric and space weather. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 28, 2026
  2. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (, Geophysical Research Letters)
    Abstract Mesospheric winds from three longitudinal sectors at 65°N and 54°N latitude are combined to diagnose the zonal wave numbers (m) of spectral wave signatures during the Southern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) 2019. Diagnosed are quasi‐10‐ and 6‐day planetary waves (Q10DW and Q6DW,m = 1), solar semidiurnal tides withm = 1, 2, 3 (SW1, SW2, and SW3), lunar semidiurnal tide, and the upper and lower sidebands (USB and LSB,m = 1 and 3) of Q10DW‐SW2 nonlinear interactions. We further present 7‐year composite analyses to distinguish SSW effects from climatological features. Before (after) the SSW onset, LSB (USB) enhances, accompanied by the enhancing (fading) Q10DW, and a weakening of climatological SW2 maximum. These behaviors are explained in terms of Manley‐Rowe relation, that is, the energy goes first from SW2 to Q10DW and LSB, and then from SW2 and Q10DW to USB. Our results illustrate that the interactions can explain most wind variabilities associated with the SSW. 
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