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Seven new Peruvian species of Blakea are described and illustrated here: Blakea eden, Blakea quinta, Blakea wilderi and Blakea yumi from the Department of Amazonas, Blakea pavida and Blakea rojasiae from the Departments of Amazonas and Cajamarca, and Blakea leoniae from the Departments of Amazonas and San Martin. Following IUCN criteria, we propose that most species should be considered as Endangered (EN) but for B. pavida, B. quinta and B. yumi, that should be recognized as Critically Endangered (CR) due to their restricted distributions and the intense ongoing human activity (agriculture and livestock) in their habitats. Additionally, we provide notes on the new records and species that have been published since Brako & Zarucchi’s checklist of the Peruvian flora in 1993, including the lectotypifications of Blakea brasiliensis, B. nareliana, and Topobea pittieri (B. henripittierii). Blakea gracilis and B. parvifolia are suggested to be excluded from Peru. Based on this, we present a list of 33 Blakea species currently accepted for Peru, 14 of which are endemic.   

A synopsis of the genus Meriania in Peru is presented here, where 36 species are recognized, 25 of which are endemic. This synopsis includes a key to the genera in the tribe Merianieae, a key to the recognized Meriania species for Peru, illustrations, comments on affinities, distribution and phenology, and nomenclatural notes. Peru is now the country with the second highest diversity of the genus. The departments in Peru with the highest number of species are Amazonas (18 species), Cajamarca (11 species) and San Martín (9 species), and 24 species are located within Amatope-Huancabamba Zone in northern Peru. Meriania in Peru is characterized by being trees and shrubs, lacking malpighiaceous trichomes, inflorescences panicles or rarely dichasia, or solitary, (4–)5–6-merous flowers, usually large, with lobed, subcalyptrate or calyptrate calyces with regular, irregular or circumscissile dehiscence, spreading to campanulate corollas, stamen connectives with dorsal and dorso-basal appendages, anthers usually with a dorsally inclined pore, and capsular fruits. We propose one new combination, Meriania sessilifolia (Cogn.) Rob.Fern., R.Goldenb. & Michelang. Lectotypes for Axinaea purpurea, Centronia sessilifolia. Graffenrieda acida, Meriania prunifolia, M. raimondii, M. rigida, M. rugosa, M. spruceana and Pachymeria rigida are also designated. 

We describe Pterolepis xaxa (Melastomateae, Melastomataceae), a new species collected in “caatinga rupestre” at Licínio de Almeida, Bahia, Brazil. Pterolepis xaxa resembles the recently described Pterolepis haplostemona, both representing the only two species in the genus that are haplostemonous (i.e., with the stamens equal in number to the petals). Apart from flowers with a single whorl of stamens, P. xaxa can also be recognized by intercalycine projections consisting of a very short central axis topped with 2–3 trichomes, and white petals (vs. intercalycine projections lacking trichomes at the apex and magenta or lilac petals in P. haplostemona). 

The florbella group of Miconia is composed of four species from the central Andes that are characterized by hollow stems inhabited by ants, and pleiostemonous flowers with a calyptrate calyx. The four species are M. inusitata, and the newly described here M. cava, M. florbella, and M. valenzuelana. The combination of pleistemonous flowers and calyptrate calyces suggests that these species could be placed in the former Conostegia, but at least three of the four species discussed here (M. florbella, M. inusitata and M. valenzuelana) do not belong in that clade and are more closely related to other species of Andean Miconia. All four species grow in undisturbed areas in low- to middle-elevation forests in the Andes.