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Thermally initiated cationic frontal polymerization of epoxies and vinyl ethers through a lone onium salt

https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230506

Groce, Brecklyn R.; Ferguson, Madison M.; Pojman, John A. (December 2023, Journal of Polymer Science)

Abstract Frontal polymerization (FP) of epoxy monomers is typically achieved with a radical‐induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) process that combines a thermal radical initiator with an onium salt superacid generator. In this paper, we show that both thermal and UV‐initiated cationic frontal polymerizations are possible for common epoxy and vinyl ether monomers with only an iodonium superacid generator in the absence of a standalone thermal radical initiator. Increasing superacid generator concentration resulted in an increase in front velocity, as did the addition of vinyl ether to epoxies. The front velocity is reduced by the addition of 4‐methoxyphenol (MeHQ), indicating free‐radicals play a significant role.
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Free-Standing 3D Printing of Epoxy-Vinyl Ether Structures Using Radical-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c02226

Groce, Brecklyn R.; Aucoin, Alexandra V.; Ullah, Md Asmat; DiCesare, Jake; Wingfield, Claire; Sardin, Jonathan; Harris, Jackson T.; Nguyen, John C.; Raley, Patrick; Stanley, Svetlana S.; et al (January 2024, ACS Applied Polymer Materials)

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Kinetic and Chemical Effects of Clays and Other Fillers in the Preparation of Epoxy–Vinyl Ether Composites Using Radical-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c00187

Groce, Brecklyn R.; Lane, Emma E.; Gary, Daniel P.; Ngo, Douglas T.; Ngo, Dylan T.; Shaon, Fahima; Belgodere, Jorge A.; Pojman, John A. (April 2023, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces)

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Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00686

Suslick, Benjamin A.; Hemmer, Julie; Groce, Brecklyn R.; Stawiasz, Katherine J.; Geubelle, Philippe H.; Malucelli, Giulio; Mariani, Alberto; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Pojman, John A.; Sottos, Nancy R. (March 2023, Chemical Reviews)

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Front velocity dependence on vinyl ether and initiator concentration in radical‐induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxies

https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20210183

Groce, Brecklyn R.; Gary, Daniel P.; Cantrell, Joseph K.; Pojman, John A. (August 2021, Journal of Polymer Science)

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