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Loxosporais a genus of crustose lichens containing 13 accepted species that can be separated into two groups, based on differences in secondary chemistry that correlate with differences in characters of the sexual reproductive structures (asci and ascospores). Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered these groups as monophyletic and support their recognition as distinct genera that differ in phenotypic characters. Species containing 2’-O-methylperlatolic acid are transferred to the new genus,ChicitaeaGuzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer and four new combinations are proposed:C. assateaguensis(Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer,C. confusa(Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer,C. cristinae(Guzow-Krzem., Łubek, Kubiak & Kukwa) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer andC. lecanoriformis(Lumbsch, A.W. Archer & Elix) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer. The remaining species produce thamnolic acid and representLoxosporas.str. Haplotype analyses recovered sequences ofL. elatinain two distinct groups, one corresponding toL. elatinas.str. and one toPertusaria chloropolia, the latter being resurrected from synonymy ofL. elatinaand, thus, requiring the combination,L. chloropolia(Erichsen) Ptach-Styn, Guzow-Krzem., Tønsberg & Kukwa. Sequences ofL. ochrophaeawere found to be intermixed within the otherwise monophyleticL. elatinas.str. These two taxa, which differ in contrasting reproductive mode and overall geographic distributions, are maintained as distinct, pending further studies with additional molecular loci. Lectotypes are selected forLecanora elatina,Pertusaria chloropoliaand P. chloropolia f. cana. The latter is a synonym ofLoxospora chloropolia. New primers for the amplification of mtSSU are also presented.