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Automated vehicles (AVs) reached technological maturity and will soon arrive on streets as tra#c participants. Human tra#c partici- pants such as drivers, pedestrians, or cyclists will be increasingly confronted with the presence of AVs within their environment, not necessarily knowing or understanding what to expect and how to interact with them. Although AVs are designed to act safely, e$ec- tive interaction in mixed tra#c scenarios will depend on successful communication, interaction, or even negotiation beyond static rules and regulations. Prosocial behavior, such as yielding one’s right of way, will be needed to resolve unclear tra#c situations or foster tra#c %ow. However, what are the characteristics of such prosocial behavior, and how to measure this not only for automated vehicles but for all road users? Here, we describe a new scale to measure perceived social behavior in urban tra#c scenarios. Through an online survey on N = 318 individuals and a validation study, we developed the Situational Prosocial and Aggressive Behavior in Tra#c Scale and assessed it psychometrically.