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In this study, we investigate the impact of new Large Hadron Collider (LHC) inclusive jet and dijet measurements on parton distribution functions (PDFs) that describe the proton structure, with a particular focus on the gluon distribution at large momentum fraction, $x$, and the corresponding partonic luminosities. We assess constraints from these datasets using next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) theoretical predictions, accounting for a range of uncertainties from scale dependence and numerical integration. From the scale choices available for the calculations, our analysis shows that the central predictions for inclusive jet production show a smaller scale dependence than dijet production. We examine the relative constraints on the gluon distribution provided by the inclusive jet and dijet distributions, and also explore the phenomenological implications for inclusive $H$, $t\overline{t}$, and $t\overline{t}H$production at the LHC at 14 TeV. Published by the American Physical Society2025 

We review recent studies by the CTEQ-TEA group toward the development of a new generation of precision parton distribution functions in the nucleon for advanced studies at the high-luminosity LHC and in other experiments. Among several ongoing e!orts, we examine sensitivity to the PDFs and mutual compatibility of new measurements in production of Drell-Yan pairs, top-quark pairs, and single-inclusive jets by the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb collaborations in the LHC Runs 1 and 2. 

We discuss recent CTEQ-TEA group activities after the publication of the CT18 global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton. In particular, we discuss a new calculation for the photon content in the proton, termed as CT18lux and CT18qed PDFs, and the impact of novel charm- and bottom-quark production cross section measurements at HERA on the CT18 global analysis.