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Virtual reality, a well-established educational technology, offers unique affordances such as immersion, interactivity, visualization, and co-presence, with significant potential to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. Computational thinking, a vital skill in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, is essential for effective human-robot collaboration, enabling efficient problem-solving and decision-making in future work environments. Virtual reality provides a cost-effective, safe alternative to physical interaction with robots, reducing equipment risks and addressing the limitations of physical training. This study examines how virtual reality's affordances support computational thinking development, presenting a forward-looking training scenario and an assessment rubric for evaluation. The proposed framework and design strategies offer technological and pedagogical guidance for creating virtual reality environments that foster computational thinking in human-robot collaboration contexts. 

Humanity’s evolution toward an interplanetary species poses a new frontier for the construction industry: extraterrestrial construction. With fast technological advancements in manufacturing and robotics, it is a matter of when, not if, before humans make perpetual habitats on nearby planetary bodies. We envision the emerging frontier of the construction industry as extraterrestrial construction, where the role of workers and their required skills will change dramatically. Due to the extreme and hazardous outer-space conditions, the future of extraterrestrial construction will be technology-intensive, from using onsite machine and robot operations to using cyber-physical systems for managing logistical operations. Accordingly, the role and skillsets of construction workers in future extraterrestrial construction projects will contrast with the current practices on Earth. We aim to present a collective perspective on the nature of future extraterrestrial construction and the hierarchy of the skills required by future workers, as well as emerging technologies that can be used for developing a future-ready workforce. To accomplish this, we convened a national interdisciplinary workshop, engaging diverse stakeholders in the United States, including researchers, educators, and professionals, from academia, industry, and government. This paper summarizes the outcomes of our workshop, structured around three core themes: future work (extraterrestrial construction), future workers (extraterrestrial workforce), and future technology (emerging technologies for workforce training). The detailed exploration within these three themes marks an initial endeavor to chart a course for training in extraterrestrial construction, particularly with NASA’s Moon to Mars Program in mind.