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ABSTRACT Rapid warming could drastically alter host–parasite relationships, which is especially important for fisheries crucial to human nutrition and economic livelihoods, yet we lack a synthetic understanding of how warming influences parasite‐induced mortality in these systems. We conducted a meta‐analysis using 266 effect sizes from 52 empirical papers on harvested aquatic species and determined the relationship between parasite‐induced host mortality and temperature and how this relationship was altered by host, parasite, and study design traits. Overall, higher temperatures increased parasite‐induced host mortality; however, the magnitude of this relationship varied. Hosts from the order Salmoniformes experienced a greater increase in parasite‐induced mortality with temperature than the average response to temperature across fish orders. Opportunistic parasites were associated with a greater increase in infected host mortality with temperature than the average across parasite strategies, while bacterial parasites were associated with lower infected host mortality as temperature increased than the average across parasite types. Thus, parasites will generally increase host mortality as the environment warms; however, this effect will vary among systems. 

ABSTRACT Synanthropic species live in close association with, or benefit from, humans. Despite their potential impacts to human health, little is known about the mechanisms driving synanthropic life‐history evolution, evolutionary forces shaping diet among synanthropes, or how these combined factors affect population dynamics and/or speciation. The Tineidae moth family contains several synanthropic species, including the globally distributed pest speciesTineola bissellellia, that contribute to the ~$1 billion worth of damage caused annually by keratinophagous synanthropes. Synanthropy among Tineidae is associated with a wide range of dietary strategies. While most tineids display obligate detritivory, synanthropic species are typically either facultatively or obligately keratinophagous. However, little is known about evolutionary relationships within Tineidae, hampering efforts to investigate the relationship between synanthropy and diet evolution. Here, to address this challenge, we extracted DNA from 39 tineid samples and two outgroups, including the closely relatedTineolaandTineagenera, and generated genome‐wide sequence data for thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs). Our phylogenetic analyses, using a concatenated maximum‐likelihood‐based approach, resulted in a well‐supported, fully resolved phylogeny that demonstrates synanthropy has evolved multiple times and is consistently associated with facultative and obligate keratinophagy. Bayesian divergence time estimation indicates Cretaceous divergence among deep‐branching tineid lineages, an ancestral origin of facultative keratinophagy, and a recent origin of the most economically important synanthropic pest,Tineola bissellellia,from within genusTinea. Taken together, our results suggest that a shift to facultative keratinophagy was a key evolutionary innovation that has fuelled the repeated evolution of synanthropic life histories among this deep‐diverging moth family. 

Abstract This paper presents an innovative educational approach used in a sophomore systems engineering course, where LEGO Mindstorms robots are integrated to accelerate the understanding of complex systems engineering concepts. While hands‐on learning tools like LEGO Mindstorms are often used in engineering education, our approach uniquely emphasizes the unpredictability and complexity inherent in real‐world systems engineering. Rather than focusing solely on technology or project completion, we incorporate controlled disruptions during exercises, such as modifying project requirements, changing team compositions, or removing key components from the kits. These disruptions simulate dynamic environments, requiring students to adapt, manage resource limitations, and navigate evolving constraints. This approach bridges the gap between theory and practice, allowing students to rapidly prototype, test, and observe the impacts of their engineering decisions in real time. This paper describes in detail the instructional approach and presents the different experiences that mimic real‐life projects that emerge during the learning activities. 

Electrocatalytic transformation of oxygenated aromatics to cycloalkanes on activated carbon cloth-supported ruthenium and platinum under mild conditions (≤60°, atmospheric pressure) using hydrogen equivalents producedin situby water splitting.