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  1. ; ; ; ( , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available August 1, 2022
  2. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , Nature Communications)
    Abstract Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which have the potential to drive societally-important climate impacts, have traditionally been linked to the strength of deep water formation in the subpolar North Atlantic. Yet there is neither clear observational evidence nor agreement among models about how changes in deep water formation influence overturning. Here, we use data from a trans-basin mooring array (OSNAP—Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) to show that winter convection during 2014–2018 in the interior basin had minimal impact on density changes in the deep western boundary currents in the subpolar basins. Contrary to previous modeling studies, wemore »find no discernable relationship between western boundary changes and subpolar overturning variability over the observational time scales. Our results require a reconsideration of the notion of deep western boundary changes representing overturning characteristics, with implications for constraining the source of overturning variability within and downstream of the subpolar region.« less
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2022
  3. ; ; ( , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
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  4. ; ( , Geophysical Research Letters)
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  5. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
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  6. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
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  7. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , Science)
    To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters intomore »colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.« less
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  8. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , Ocean Science)
    Abstract. From ten years of observations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) at 26° N (2004–2014), we revisit the question of flow compensation between components of the circulation. Contrasting with early results from the observations, transport variations of the Florida Current (FC) and upper mid-ocean (UMO) transports (top 1000 m east of the Bahamas) are now found to compensate on sub-annual timescales. The observed compensation between the FC and UMO transports is associated with horizontal circulation and means that this part of the correlated variability does not project onto the MOC. A deep baroclinic response to wind-forcing (Ekman transport) is also foundmore »in the lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW; 3000–5000 m) transport. In contrast, co-variability between Ekman and the LNADW transports does contribute to overturning. On longer timescales, the southward UMO transport has continued to strengthen, resulting in a continued decline of the MOC. Most of this interannual variability of the MOC can be traced to changes in isopycnal displacements on the western boundary, within the top 1000 m and below 2000 m. Substantial trends are observed in isopycnal displacements in the deep ocean, underscoring the importance of deep boundary measurements to capture the variability of the Atlantic MOC.« less
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  9. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , Physical Review Letters)
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available March 1, 2023
  10. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al ( , Physical Review Letters)
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available January 1, 2023