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Abstract The mid-Norwegian margin is one of the best studied volcanic rifted margins on Earth. Geophysical investigations have demonstrated the presence of well-developed inner and outer Seaward Dipping Reflectors (SDRs), landward flows, lava deltas, marginal highs, volcanic centers, ash layers, and sill complexes. These features have been proven to consist of magmatic rocks through the international Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP Leg 38, 1974), Ocean Drilling Program (ODP Leg 104, 1985), International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP Expedition 396, 2021), and commercial drilling. A total of fifteen drill cores penetrated magmatic rocks that formed between 57 and 50 million years ago (Ma). Here we provide (i) new (n = 224) major and trace element compositions obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and inductively-coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) on whole rock powders of magmatic rocks for IODP Exp. 396 (n = 119), ODP Exp. 104 (n = 79), DSDP Exp. 38 (n = 24); and (ii) a compilation of all new and published data for magmatic rocks in the fifteen drill cores (n = 563). Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) data (n = 381) for the IODP Exp. 396 cores are also reported. These datasets provide a resource for examining the origin of magmatism associated with continental breakup and rifted margin formation, particularly the formation of excess magmatism compared to normal mid-oceanic spreading ridges, mantle-crust interaction, and the linkage of magmatism to global hyperthermal events on Earth’s surface. 

A new latest Paleocene mammal fauna from the Great Divide Basin in southern Wyoming is described and compared with fossil assemblages of similar age elsewhere in Wyoming. The Twelvemile Gulch local fauna is currently documented by 182 mammalian (127 identifiable) specimens from two localities representing 10 orders, 18 families, and 22 species of mammals, including Phenacolemur cavatus, new species. Several characteristic taxa indicate a Clarkforkian age, but some taxa that co-occur at Twelvemile Gulch show disjunct stratigraphic ranges in the well-documented stratigraphic sequence exposed in the Clarks Fork Basin of northern Wyoming. Anachronistic occurrences of Clarkforkian taxa in northern and southern Wyoming have now been documented repeatedly. These unexpected faunal associations likely reflect changing climates and associated taxon-specific range shifts across a latitudinal gradient in the Rocky Mountain Interior. The apparently asynchronous first and last appearances of certain taxa across this latitudinal gradient highlight the utility of immigrant clades over endemic taxa in biostratigraphy. A previous biozonation scheme for the Clarkforkian of the Clarks Fork Basin emphasized endemic Plesiadapis cookei and Copecion as index taxa for Clarkforkian biozones Cf-2 and Cf-3, respectively. However, the applicability of this zonation to Clarkforkian faunas from other parts of Wyoming has been problematic because Plesiadapis cookei occurs in all of them, despite substantial evidence for age disparity among these faunas. A revised biozonation for the Clarkforkian leverages first appearances of invasive Coryphodontidae and Miacidae to discriminate later Clarkforkian faunas including Twelvemile Gulch from earlier Clarkforkian faunas such as Big Multi Quarry. 

Abstract Environmental practitioners often develop communications and behavior change interventions that conceptualize individuals as consumers or as other limited, standalone personae. This view neglects the role of conservation audiences as social beings with complex social relationships and networks, potentially resulting in lost opportunities to increase the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We offer a reframing of individuals as members of social networks who can influence others through their many different societal roles. This framing may help individuals recognize their potential to affect large‐scale societal structures and empower them to contribute to systemic changes. In practice, conservation organizations might increase the impact and reach of their behavioral interventions by targeting social referents (individuals or groups who people reference for accepted and desired behaviors) and leveraging interpersonal relationships. This includes encouraging individuals to make use of their networks to discuss issues such as biodiversity loss with a variety of acquaintances to normalize them as a topic of conversation. We argue that organizations can leverage the power of social networks to amplify change and promote the message that people change the world through their social ties, thereby inspiring audiences to further engage in conservation behaviors. 

This paper presents a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) design and simulation aimed at enhancing beamforming and beam steering capabilities for 5G and 6G mobile communications. The proposed design introduces a 2- bit unit cell design, having four distinct phase states that can be tuned by a single varactor diode. This configuration has a 5x5 array and provides efficient operation at 23.8 GHz within the 5G New Radio (NR) frequency range 2 (FR2). The proposed RIS design demonstrates unique beam steering capabilities ranging from −60∘ to 60∘ in the azimuth plane which is crucial for extending coverage into the mm-wave coverage. The performance of the RIS is simulated using the CST 3D electromagnetic simulator, focusing on radar cross section (RCS) pattern for optimization. The simulation results reveal effective beam steering capabilities ranging from -10° to -60° and 10° to 60°, with a minimum scan loss of approximately 3 dB. The proposed RIS exhibits the high angular reciprocity that handles the incident waves up to 110∘ at an oblique 60∘ angle. 

We introduce a new method for the study of fluctuations of partial transition widths based on nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments with quasimonochromatic linearly polarized photon beams below particle separation thresholds. It is based on the average branching of decays of $J=1$states of an even-even nucleus to the $2_1^{+}$state in comparison to the ground state. Between 5 and 7 MeV, a constant average branching ratio for $\gamma$decays from $1^{-}$states of 0.490(16) is observed for the nuclide ${}^{150}\mathrm{Nd}$. Assuming ${\chi }^2$-distributed partial transition widths, this average branching ratio is related to a degree of freedom of $\nu =1.93\left(12\right)$, rejecting the validity of the Porter-Thomas distribution, requiring $\nu =1$. The observed deviation can be explained by nonstatistical effects in the $\gamma$-decay behavior with contributions in the range of 9.4(10)% up to 94(10)%. 

Abstract Climate-driven permafrost thaw can release ancient carbon to the atmosphere, begetting further warming in a positive feedback loop. Polar ice core data and young radiocarbon ages of dissolved methane in thermokarst lakes have challenged the importance of this feedback, but field studies did not adequately account for older methane released from permafrost through bubbling. We synthesized panarctic isotope and emissions datasets to derive integrated ages of panarctic lake methane fluxes. Methane age in modern thermokarst lakes (3132 ± 731 years before present) reflects remobilization of ancient carbon. Thermokarst-lake methane emissions fit within the constraints imposed by polar ice core data. Younger, albeit ultimately larger sources of methane from glacial lakes, estimated here, lagged those from thermokarst lakes. Our results imply that panarctic lake methane release was a small positive feedback to climate warming, comprising up to 17% of total northern hemisphere sources during the deglacial period.