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Measuring socioeconomic indices at the scale of regions or countries is required in various contexts, in particular to inform public policies. The use of Deep Learning (DL) and Earth Observation (EO) data is becoming increasingly common to estimate specific variables like societal wealth. This paper presents an end- to-end framework ‘DeepWealth’ that calculates such a wealth index using open-source EO data and DL. We use a multidisciplinary approach incorporating satellite imagery, socio-economic data, and DL models. We demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of DeepWealth by training it on 24 African countries and deploying it in Madagascar, Brazil and Japan. Our results show that DeepWealth provides accurate and stable wealth index estimates with an 𝑅2 of 0.69. It empowers computer-literate users skilled in Python and R to estimate and visualize well-being-related data. This open-source framework follows FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles, providing data, source code, metadata, and training checkpoints with its source code made available on Zenodo and GitHub. In this manner, we provide a DL framework that is reproducible and replicable. 

Abstract This study describes the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of pottery collected from Mugharat al‐Kahf and WTN02 in Wadi Tanuf, north‐central Oman, to clarify interregional similarities and differences in pottery production techniques and examine the existence of interregional trade in pottery with respect to changes in mobile communities. Potsherds from these sites were characterised using thin‐section petrography and instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results revealed that several clay fabrics and tempers were used during the Wadi Suq period (2000–1600 BCE). A region‐wide similarity exists in pottery‐making techniques in terms of the tempering of specific minerals (Oman ophiolite) used in the Early Iron Age (1300–300 BCE). Geochemical results indicate differences in clay sources between the Wadi Suq period and the Early Iron Age in Wadi Tanuf and the unlikelihood of the interregional trade of domestic pottery.