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  1. Abstract

    Generalization is difficult to quantify, and many classifications exist. A beta diversity framework can be used to establish a numeric measure of generalist tendencies that jointly describes many important features of species interactions, namely spatiotemporal heterogeneity. This framework is promising for studying generalized symbiotic relationships of any form.

    We formulated a novel index, turnover importance (T).Tdescribes spatiotemporal heterogeneity in interactor assemblages, an inherent feature of generalist relationships that is not captured by available metrics. We simulated the behaviour ofTrelative to other available metrics, calculatedTfor native North American orchid‐insect relationships, and tested correlations betweenTand eco‐geographic variables. We performed case studies to demonstrate applications ofTfor conservation and eco‐evolutionary studies.

    Tbehaves predictably across simulations, and dynamically interacts with site number, gamma diversity, and species range sizes.Tis moderately sensitive to sampling depth. Orchids with higherTscores occupy larger ranges and broader climatic niches.

    Alternative interactor‐specific measures of generalism are best employed for local‐level community networks over short timespans. While these interactor metrics can assess use versus availability in local communities,Tcan be used to measure spatiotemporal patterns of variation in interactor assemblages across a focal species' range. This study provides a roadmap for future work focused on better understanding the patterns and consequences of generalized relationships.

     
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