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Abstract The last few decades have seen great achievements in dynamic fracture mechanics. Yet, it was not possible to experimentally quantify the full-field behavior of dynamic fractures, until very recently. Here, we review our recent work on the full-field quantification of the temporal evolution of dynamic shear ruptures. Our newly developed approach based on digital image correlation combined with ultrahigh-speed photography has revolutionized the capabilities of measuring highly transient phenomena and enabled addressing key questions of rupture dynamics. Recent milestones include the visualization of the complete displacement, particle velocity, strain, stress and strain rate fields near growing ruptures, capturing the evolution of dynamic friction during individual rupture growth, and the detailed study of rupture speed limits. For example, dynamic friction has been the biggest unknown controlling how frictional ruptures develop but it has been impossible, until now, to measure dynamic friction during spontaneous rupture propagation and to understand its dependence on other quantities. Our recent measurements allow, by simultaneously tracking tractions and sliding speeds on the rupturing interface, to disentangle its complex dependence on the slip, slip velocity, and on their history. In another application, we have uncovered new phenomena that could not be detected with previous methods, such as the formation of pressure shock fronts associated with “supersonic” propagation of shear ruptures in viscoelastic materials where the wave speeds are shown to depend strongly on the strain rate. 

Abstract Many earthquakes propagate at sub‐Rayleigh speeds. Earthquakes propagating at supershear speeds, though less common, are by far more destructive. Hence, it is important to quantify the motion characteristics associated with both types of earthquake ruptures. Here we report on the spatiotemporal properties of dynamic ruptures measured in our laboratory experiments using the dynamic digital image correlation technique. Earthquakes are mimicked by the frictional rupture propagating along the interface of two Homalite plates. Digital images of the propagating ruptures are captured by an ultrahigh‐speed camera and processed with digital image correlation in order to produce sequences of evolving displacement and velocity maps. Our measurements reveal the full‐field structure of the velocity components, bridge the gap between previous spatially sparse velocimeter measurements available only at two to three locations, and enable us to quantify the attenuation patterns away from the interface.