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We report the unique properties of cosmic phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), argon (Ar), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) fluxes in the GV to TV rigidity range collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station. With a total of one million events collected over 13.5 years, we observed that the rigidity dependencies of the five fluxes are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component and a secondary cosmic ray component. The abundance ratios of all five elements to Si at the source are accurately determined independent of cosmic ray propagation. The source abundance of Ar and Ca (even- $Z$ elements) is larger than P, Cl, and K (odd- $Z$ elements). The secondary components of the P and the Cl fluxes are each $\sim 1/3$ of the F flux, and the secondary components of the Ar, K, and Ca fluxes are each $\sim 1/2$ of the F flux. The twenty elements measured by AMS, from He to Ca and Fe, can be categorized into four classes, two primary and two secondary, based on their rigidity dependence. 

We present the first measurement of cosmic-ray fluxes of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ isotopes in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 25 GV. The measurements are based on $9.7\times {10}^5$ ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ and $1.04\times {10}^6$ ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from May 2011 to October 2023. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ fluxes exhibit nearly identical time variations and, above $\sim 4\mathrm{GV}$ , the time variations of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ , ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ , He, Be, B, C, N, and O fluxes are identical. Above $\sim 7\mathrm{GV}$ , we find an identical rigidity dependence of the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ fluxes. This shows that they are both produced by collisions of heavier cosmic-ray nuclei with the interstellar medium and, in particular, excludes the existence of a sizable primary component in the ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ flux. Published by the American Physical Society2025 

We perform an angular analysis of the $B\to K^{*}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ decay for the dielectron mass squared, $q^2$ , range of $0.0008–1.1200{\mathrm{GeV}}^2/c^4$ using the full Belle dataset in the $K^{*0}\to K^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $K^{*+}\to K_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ channels, incorporating new methods of electron identification to improve the statistical power of the dataset. This analysis is sensitive to contributions from right-handed currents from physics beyond the Standard Model by constraining the Wilson coefficients ${\mathcal{C}}_7^{(\prime )}$ . We perform a fit to the $B\to K^{*}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ differential decay rate and measure the imaginary component of the transversality amplitude to be $A_T^{\mathrm{Im}}=-1.27\pm 0.52\pm 0.12$ , and the $K^{*}$ transverse asymmetry to be $A_T^{\left(2\right)}=0.52\pm 0.53\pm 0.11$ , with $F_L$ and $A_T^{\mathrm{Re}}$ fixed to the Standard Model values. The resulting constraints on the value of ${\mathcal{C}}_7^{\prime }$ are consistent with the Standard Model within a $2\sigma$ confidence interval. Published by the American Physical Society2024 

We measure the complete set of angular coefficients $J_i$ for exclusive $\overline{B}\to D^{*}\ell {\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays ( $\ell =e$ , $\mu$ ). Our analysis uses the full $711{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ Belle dataset with hadronic tag-side reconstruction. The results allow us to extract the form factors describing the $\overline{B}\to D^{*}$ transition and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $\left|V_{\mathrm{cb}}\right|$ . Using recent lattice QCD calculations for the hadronic form factors, we find $\left|V_{\mathrm{cb}}\right|=(40.7\pm 0.7)\times {10}^{-3}$ using the Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed parametrization, compatible with determinations from inclusive semileptonic decays. We search for lepton flavor universality violation as a function of the hadronic recoil parameter $w$ and investigate the differences of the electron and muon angular distributions. We find no deviation from standard model expectations. Published by the American Physical Society2024 

We report the results of the first search for $B^{-}$ decays to the ${\overline{\mathrm{\Xi }}}_c^0{\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}}_c^{-}$ final state using $711{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of data collected at the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(4S\right)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider. The results are interpreted in terms of both direct baryon-number-violating $B^{-}$ decay and ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^0-{\overline{\mathrm{\Xi }}}_c^0$ oscillations which follow the standard model decay $B^{-}\to {\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^0{\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}}_c^{-}$ . We observe no evidence for baryon number violation and set the 95% confidence-level upper limits on the ratio of baryon-number-violating and standard model branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to {\overline{\mathrm{\Xi }}}_c^0{\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}}_c^{-})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to {\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^0{\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}}_c^{-})$ to be $<2.7\%$ and on the effective angular frequency of mixing $\omega$ in ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^0-{\overline{\mathrm{\Xi }}}_c^0$ oscillations to be $<0.76{\mathrm{ps}}^{-1}$ (equivalent to ${\tau }_{\mathrm{mix}}>1.3\mathrm{ps}$ ). Published by the American Physical Society2024 

We report the properties of precision time structures of cosmic nuclei He, Li, Be, B, C, N, and O fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle from May 2011 to November 2022 in the rigidity range from 1.92 to 60.3 GV. The nuclei fluxes show similar but not identical time variations with amplitudes decreasing with increasing rigidity. In particular, below 3.64 GV the Li, Be, and B fluxes, and below 2.15 GV the C, N, and O fluxes, are significantly less affected by solar modulation than the He flux. We observe that these differences in solar modulation are linearly correlated with the differences in the spectral indices of the cosmic nuclei fluxes. This shows, in a model-independent way, that solar modulation of galactic cosmic nuclei depends on their spectral shape. In addition, solar modulation differences due to nuclei velocity dependence on the mass-to-charge ratio ( $A/Z$ ) are not observed. Published by the American Physical Society2025 

We present results over an 11-year Solar cycle of cosmic antiprotons based on $1.1\times {10}^6$ events in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV. The $\overline{p}$ fluxes exhibit distinct properties. The magnitude of the $\overline{p}$ flux temporal variation is significantly smaller than those of $p$ , $e^{-}$ , and $e^{+}$ . A hysteresis between the $\overline{p}$ fluxes and the $p$ fluxes is observed, whereas the $\overline{p}$ and $e^{-}$ fluxes show a linear correlation. With a model-independent analysis, we found a universal relation between the shape of the rigidity spectrum and the magnitude of flux temporal variation over an 11-year Solar cycle for both positively and negatively charged particles. The simultaneous results on $\overline{p}$ and $p$ , $e^{-}$ , and $e^{+}$ provide unique information for understanding particle transport in the Solar System as a function of mass, charge, and spectral shape. 

We present a comprehensive study of $B^0\to \omega \omega$ decays using $772\times {10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider. This process is a suppressed charmless decay into two vector mesons and can exhibit interesting polarization and $CP$ violation. The decay is observed for the first time with a significance of 7.9 standard deviations. We measure a branching fraction $\mathcal{B}=(1.53\pm 0.29\pm 0.17)\times {10}^{-6}$ , a fraction of longitudinal polarization $f_L=0.87\pm 0.13\pm 0.13$ , and a time-integrated $CP$ asymmetry $A_{CP}=-0.44\pm 0.43\pm 0.11$ , where the first uncertainties listed are statistical and the second are systematic. This is the first observation of $B^0\to \omega \omega$ and the first measurements of $f_L$ and $A_{CP}$ for this decay. Published by the American Physical Society2024 

We report a search for a heavy neutral lepton (HNL) that mixes predominantly with ${\nu }_{\tau }$ . The search utilizes data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider. The data sample was collected at and just below the center-of-mass energies of the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(4S\right)$ and $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(5S\right)$ resonances and has an integrated luminosity of $915{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ , corresponding to $(836\pm 12)\times {10}^6$ $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ events. We search for production of the HNL (denoted $N$ ) in the decay ${\tau }^{-}\to {\pi }^{-}N$ followed by its decay via $N\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$ . The search focuses on the parameter-space region in which the HNL is long-lived, so that the ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ originate from a common vertex that is significantly displaced from the collision point of the KEKB beams. Consistent with the expected background yield, one event is observed in the data sample after application of all the event-selection criteria. We report limits on the mixing parameter of the HNL with the $\tau$ neutrino as a function of the HNL mass. Published by the American Physical Society2024