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Reduced-nitrogen compounds (RNC), such as ammonia and amines, play important roles in atmospheric aerosol nucleation, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and cloud formation processes. Fast measurements of ammonia and amines are made with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). Clusters containing RNC are measured with an atmospheric pressure interface time of flight mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) or chemical ionization APi-TOF (CI-APi-TOF). Aerosol-phase amines can be detected with a single particle mass spectrometer at real-time, or with offline chemical analytical methods using filter samples. However, the application of these instruments in real atmospheric measurements is still very limited. This perspective article highlights recentmore »measurements of RNC in the atmosphere and discusses their implications in new particle formation (NPF).« less
Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 6, 2023
Adhikari, G.; Carlin, N.; Choi, J. J.; Choi, S.; Ezeribe, A. C.; França, L. E.; Ha, C.; Hahn, I. S.; Hollick, S. J.; Jeon, E. J.; et al(
, Physical Review D)
Free, publicly-accessible full text available February 1, 2023
Adhikari, G.; de Souza, E. Barbosa; Carlin, N.; Choi, J. J.; Choi, S.; Djamal, M.; Ezeribe, A. C.; França, L. E.; Ha, C.; Hahn, I. S.; et al(
, The European Physical Journal C)
Abstract We present a background model for dark matter searches using an array of NaI(Tl) crystals in the COSINE-100 experiment that is located in the Yangyang underground laboratory. The model includes background contributions from both internal and external sources, including cosmogenic radionuclides and surface $$^{210}$$ 210 Pb contamination. To build the model in the low energy region, with a threshold of 1 keV, we used a depth profile of $$^{210}$$ 210 Pb contamination in the surface of the NaI(Tl) crystals determined in a comparison between measured and simulated spectra. We also considered the effect of the energy scale errors propagated frommore »the statistical uncertainties and the nonlinear detector response at low energies. The 1.7 years COSINE-100 data taken between October 21, 2016 and July 18, 2018 were used for this analysis. Our Monte Carlo simulation provides a non-Gaussian peak around 50 keV originating from beta decays of bulk $$^{210}$$ 210 Pb in a good agreement with the measured background. This model estimates that the activities of bulk $$^{210}$$ 210 Pb and $$^{3}$$ 3 H are dominating the background rate that amounts to an average level of $$2.85\pm 0.15$$ 2.85 ± 0.15 counts/day/keV/kg in the energy region of (1–6) keV, using COSINE-100 data with a total exposure of 97.7 kg $$\cdot $$ · years.« less
Free, publicly-accessible full text available September 1, 2022
Kim, K. W.; Adhikari, G.; de Souza, E. Barbosa; Carlin, N.; Choi, J. J.; Choi, S.; Djamal, M.; Ezeribe, A. C.; França, L. E.; Ha, C.; et al(
, The European Physical Journal C)
Abstract
We report the identification of metastable isomeric states of$$^{228}$$Ac at 6.28 keV, 6.67 keV and 20.19 keV, with lifetimes of an order of 100 ns. These states are produced by the$$\beta $$-decay of$$^{228}$$Ra, a component of the$$^{232}$$Th decay chain, with$$\beta $$Q-values of 39.52 keV, 39.13 keV and 25.61 keV, respectively. Due to the low Q-value of$$^{228}$$Ra as well as the relative abundance of$$^{232}$$Th and their progeny in low background experiments, these observations potentially impact the low-energy background modeling of dark matter search experiments.
Aaij, R.; Abdelmotteleb, A. S.; Beteta, C. Abellán; Gallego, F. J.; Ackernley, T.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Afsharnia, H.; Agapopoulou, C.; Aidala, C. A.; et al(
, Nature Communications)
Abstract Quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force, describes interactions of coloured quarks and gluons and the formation of hadronic matter. Conventional hadronic matter consists of baryons and mesons made of three quarks and quark-antiquark pairs, respectively. Particles with an alternative quark content are known as exotic states. Here a study is reported of an exotic narrow state in the D 0 D 0 π + mass spectrum just below the D *+ D 0 mass threshold produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The state is consistent with the ground isoscalarmore »$${{{{{{\rm{T}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}^{+}$$ T c c + tetraquark with a quark content of $${{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}\overline{{{{{{\rm{u}}}}}}}\overline{{{{{{\rm{d}}}}}}}$$ c c u ¯ d ¯ and spin-parity quantum numbers J P = 1 + . Study of the DD mass spectra disfavours interpretation of the resonance as the isovector state. The decay structure via intermediate off-shell D *+ mesons is consistent with the observed D 0 π + mass distribution. To analyse the mass of the resonance and its coupling to the D * D system, a dedicated model is developed under the assumption of an isoscalar axial-vector $${{{{{{\rm{T}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}^{+}$$ T c c + state decaying to the D * D channel. Using this model, resonance parameters including the pole position, scattering length, effective range and compositeness are determined to reveal important information about the nature of the $${{{{{{\rm{T}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}^{+}$$ T c c + state. In addition, an unexpected dependence of the production rate on track multiplicity is observed.« less
Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2023
Jenkins, A; Shoosmith, D; Dutrieux, D; Jacobs, S; Kim, T-W; Lee, S-H; Ha, K-H; Stammerjohn, S.(
, Nature geoscience)
Mass loss from the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has increased in recent decades, suggestive of sus- tained ocean forcing or an ongoing, possibly unstable, response to a past climate anomaly. Lengthening satellite records appear to be incompatible with either process, however, revealing both periodic hiatuses in acceleration and intermittent episodes of thinning. Here we use ocean temperature, salinity, dissolved-oxygen and current measurements taken from 2000 to 2016 near the Dotson Ice Shelf to determine temporal changes in net basal melting. A decadal cycle dominates the ocean record, with melt changing by a factor of aboutmore »four between cool and warm extremes via a nonlinear relationship with ocean temperature. A warm phase that peaked around 2009 coincided with ice-shelf thinning and retreat of the grounding line, which re-advanced during a post-2011 cool phase. These observations demonstrate how discontinuous ice retreat is linked with ocean variability, and that the strength and timing of decadal extremes is more influential than changes in the longer-term mean state. The non- linear response of melting to temperature change heightens the sensitivity of Amundsen Sea ice shelves to such variability, possibly explaining the vulnerability of the ice sheet in that sector, where subsurface ocean temperatures are relatively high.« less
