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Lightwave pulse shaping in the picosecond regime has remained unaddressed because it resides beyond the limits of state-of-the-art techniques, due to either its inherently narrow spectral content or fundamental speed limitations in electronic devices. The so-called picosecond shaping gap hampers progress in all areas correlated with time-modulated light–matter interactions, such as photoelectronics, health and medical technologies, and energy and materials sciences. We report on a novel nonlinear method to simultaneously frequency-convert and adaptably shape the envelope of light wave packets in the picosecond regime by balancing spectral engineering and nonlinear conversion in solid-state nonlinear media, without requiring active devices. We capture computationally the versatility of this methodology across a diverse set of nonlinear conversion chains and initial conditions. We also provide experimental evidence of this framework producing picosecond-shaped, ultranarrowband, near-transform-limited light pulses from broadband, femtosecond input pulses, paving the way toward programmable lightwave shaping at gigahertz-to-terahertz frequencies. 

We present a novel, versatile framework to generate W-level temporally shaped, near transform-limited, UV picosecond pulses via non-colinear sum frequency generation and demonstrate it producing temporally flattop, high-power UV pulses capable of enhancing femtosecond- and attosecond-level electron and Xray free electron lasers brightness. 

We present a novel, versatile framework to generate W-level temporally shaped UV picosecond pulses via non-colinear sum frequency generation and demonstrate it producing temporally flattop, high-power UV pulses capable of enhancing femtosecond- and attosecond-level X-ray free electron lasers.