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Internet-of-things (IoT) introduce new attack surfaces for power grids with the usage of Wi-Fi enabled high wattage appliances. Adversaries can use IoT networks as a foothold to significantly change load demands and cause physical disruptions in power systems. This new IoT-based attack makes current security mechanisms, focusing on either power systems or IoT clouds, ineffective. To defend the attack, we propose to use a data-centric edge computing infrastructure to host defense mechanisms in IoT clouds by integrating physical states in decentralized regions of a power grid. By enforcing security policies on IoT devices, we can significantly limit the range ofmore »
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Reconnaissance is critical for adversaries to prepare attacks causing physical damage in industrial control systems (ICS) like smart power grids. Disrupting the reconnaissance is challenging. The state-of-the-art moving target defense (MTD) techniques based on mimicking and simulating system behaviors do not consider the physical infrastructure of power grids and can be easily identified. To overcome those challenges, we propose physical function virtualization (PFV) that ``hooks'' network interactions with real physical devices and uses them to build lightweight virtual nodes following the actual implementation of network stacks, system invariants, and physical state variations of real devices. On top of PFV, wemore »
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Reconnaissance is critical for adversaries to prepare attacks causing physical damage in industrial control systems (ICS) like smart power grids. Disrupting reconnaissance is challenging. The state-of-the-art moving target defense (MTD) techniques based on mimicking and simulating system behaviors do not consider the physical infrastructure of power grids and can be easily identified. To overcome these challenges, we propose physical function virtualization (PFV) that “hooks” network interactions with real physical devices and uses these real devices to build lightweight virtual nodes that follow the actual implementation of network stacks, system invariants, and physical state variations in the real devices. On topmore »
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We present a computer interface to visualize and interact with mathematical knots, i.e., the embeddings of closed circles in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. Mathematical knots are slightly different than everyday knots in that they are infinitely stretchy and flexible when being deformed into their topological equivalence. In this work, we design a visualization interface to depict mathematical knots as closed node-link diagrams with energies charged at each node, so that highly-tangled knots can evolve by themselves from high-energy states to minimal (or lower) energy states. With a family of interactive methods and supplementary user interface elements, out tool allows one tomore »
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