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Utilizing ultracold spinor gases as large-scale, many-body quantum simulation platforms, we establish a toolbox for the precise control, characterization, and detection of nonequilibrium dynamics via internal spinor phases. We develop a method to extract the phase evolution from the observed spin population dynamics, allowing us to define an order parameter that sharply identifies dynamical phase transitions over a wide range of conditions. This work also demonstrates a technique for inferring spin-dependent interactions from a single experimental time trace, in contrast to the standard approach that requires mapping a cross section of the phase diagram, with immediate applications to systems experiencing complex time-dependent interactions. Additionally, we demonstrate experimental access to and control over nonergodic relaxation dynamics, where states of similar energy in the (nominally) thermal region of the energy spectrum retain a dependence on the initial state, via the manipulation of spinor phases, enabling the study of nonergodic thermalization dynamics connected to quantum scarring. 

We present the experimental detection of signatures of coherent three-body interactions, often masked by stronger two-body effects, through nonequilibrium spin dynamics induced by controllably quenching lattice-confined spinor gases. Three-body interactions are precisely characterized through both real-time and frequency-domain analyses of the observed dynamics. Our results, well described by an extended Bose-Hubbard model, further demonstrate the importance of three-body interactions for correctly determining atom distributions in lattice systems and have applications in quantum sensing via spin singlets. The techniques demonstrated in this work can be directly applied to other atomic species, offering a promising avenue for future studies of higher-body interactions with broad relevance to strongly interacting quantum systems. 

We prove a function field analog of Weyl's classical theorem on equidistribution of polynomial sequences. Our result covers the case in which the degree of the polynomial is greater than or equal to the characteristic of the field, which is a natural barrier when applying the Weyl differencing process to function fields. We also discuss applications to van der Corput, intersective and Glasner sets in function fields. 

Historically, broad-spectrum antibiotics have represented a major component of the therapeutic armamentarium used to treat common oral diseases associated with a bacterial etiology. The fact that these diseases are due to the accumulation of multispecies biofilms composed of ever-increasing numbers of resistant organisms has dramatically affected the efficacy of many of these drugs. Furthermore, it is now appreciated that repeated use of broad-spectrum antibiotics also affects the composition of the host commensal microbiota, which can have both local and systemic implications. In recognition of the limitations of classical antibiotics, alternative chemical, physical, and mechanical strategies are either in use or development. These include novel narrow-spectrum antimicrobials such as antitoxins, bacteriophages, and antibody-conjugated drugs that can target specific microbes while minimizing the emergence of resistant organisms and preserving eubiotic microbes. Other approaches, such as new broad-spectrum non-antibiotic strategies and probiotics, are aimed at disrupting or altering the composition of oral biofilms and their extracellular matrices to facilitate the elimination of overt pathogens by the host response and/or adjunctive antimicrobials. This critical review describes the use and limitations of broad- and narrow-spectrum strategies currently being used to treat common bacterially induced oral diseases as well as alternative methods in development. 

High-resolution sediment records from the climatically sensitive Svalbard margin are crucial for reconstructing ice sheet dynamics and ocean–ice sheet interactions during past warm periods. In the boreal summer of 2024, International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 403 collected new sedimentary records from the eastern Fram Strait. Here, we present X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning data for the uppermost ~85 m at Site U1618, which was drilled on the eastern Vestnesa Ridge near the continental margin of Svalbard. XRF data, complemented by shipboard magnetic susceptibility and natural gamma radiation records, are used here to improve our understanding of sediment geochemical variability and evaluate stratigraphic variations in elements widely used in proxies of marine productivity, terrigenous sediment input, and authigenic alteration.