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  1. ; ; ; ; ; (, Physical Review D)
    Recently, B → P P decays ( B = { B 0 , B + , B s 0 } , P = { π , K } ) were analyzed under the assumption of flavor SU(3) symmetry ( SU ( 3 ) F ). Although the individual fits to Δ S = 0 or Δ S = 1 decays are good, it was found that the combined fit is very poor: there is a 3.6 σ disagreement with the SU ( 3 ) F limit of the standard model ( SM SU ( 3 ) F ). One can remove this discrepancy by adding SU ( 3 ) F -breaking effects, but 1000% SU ( 3 ) F breaking is required. In this paper, we extend this analysis to include decays in which there is an η and/or η ′ meson in the final state. We now find that the combined fit exhibits a 4.1 σ discrepancy with the SM SU ( 3 ) F , and 1000% SU ( 3 ) F -breaking effects are still required to explain the data. These results are rigorous, group-theoretically—no theoretical assumptions have been made. But when one adds some theoretical input motivated by QCD factorization, the discrepancy with the SM SU ( 3 ) F grows to 4.9 σ . 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available September 15, 2026