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We calculate the electrical conductivity of suspended and supported monolayer MoS2 at terahertz (THz) frequencies by means of EMC–FDTD, a multiphysics simulation tool combining an ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) solver for electron transport and a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solver for full-wave electrodynamics. We investigate the role of carrier and impurity densities, as well as substrate choice (SiO2 or hexagonal boron nitride, hBN), in frequency-dependent electronic transport. Owing to the dominance of surface-optical-phonon scattering, MoS2 on SiO2 has the lowest static conductivity, but also the weakest overall frequency dependence of the conductivity. In fact, at high THz frequencies, the conductivity of MoS2 on SiO2 exceeds that of either suspended or hBN-supported MoS2. We extract the parameters for Drude-model fits to the conductivity versus frequency curves obtained from microscopic simulation, which may aid in the experimental efforts toward MoS2 THz applications.

Membrane processes are widely used in industrial applications such water purification, food processing and pharmaceutical manufacturing. During their operation, the accumulation of foulants in membrane pores and on membrane surfaces lead to the reduction in flux, membrane lifetime and increase in operational cost, and the understanding of the fouling phenomenon is important for mitigating these problems. In this paper we report the application of Raman chemical imaging as a means of identify and map foulants on a membrane surface. The surface of a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane was studied by Raman chemical imaging before and after fouling during desalination via membrane distillation. Information about location and concentration of three different salts namely CaSO4, BaSO4 and CaCO3 was studied. The three salts showed different distribution patterns, and their distribution was analyzed by correlation mapping and multivariate curve resolution. It was observed that CaSO4 agglomerated in specific places while the BaSO4 and CaCO3 were more distributed. Raman imaging appears to be a powerful tool for studying membrane foulants and can be effective in identifying the distribution of different species on a membrane surface.

A bstract The first measurement of the top quark pair ( $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}} $$ t t ¯ ) production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 . 6 TeV is presented. Data recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in Summer 2022, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 . 21 fb − 1 , are analyzed. Events are selected with one or two charged leptons (electrons or muons) and additional jets. A maximum likelihood fit is performed in event categories defined by the number and flavors of the leptons, the number of jets, and the number of jets identified as originating from b quarks. An inclusive $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}} $$ t t ¯ production cross section of 881 ± 23 (stat + syst) ± 20 (lumi) pb is measured, in agreement with the standard model prediction of $$ {924}_{-40}^{+32} $$ 924 − 40 + 32 pb.