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Abstract ContextPractitioners prefer to achieve performance without sacrificing productivity when developing scientific software. The Julia programming language is designed to develop performant computer programs without sacrificing productivity by providing a syntax that is scripting in nature. According to the Julia programming language website, the common projects are data science, machine learning, scientific domains, and parallel computing. While Julia has yielded benefits with respect to productivity, programs written in Julia can include security weaknesses, which can hamper the security of Julia-based scientific software. A systematic derivation of security weaknesses can facilitate secure development of Julia programs—an area that remains under-explored. ObjectiveThe goal of this paper is to help practitioners securely develop Julia programs by conducting an empirical study of security weaknesses found in Julia programs. MethodWe apply qualitative analysis on 4,592 Julia programs used in 126 open-source Julia projects to identify security weakness categories. Next, we construct a static analysis tool calledJuliaStaticAnalysisTool (JSAT) that automatically identifies security weaknesses in Julia programs. We apply JSAT to automatically identify security weaknesses in 558 open-source Julia projects consisting of 25,008 Julia programs. ResultsWe identify 7 security weakness categories, which include the usage of hard-coded password and unsafe invocation. From our empirical study we identify 23,839 security weaknesses. On average, we observe 24.9% Julia source code files to include at least one of the 7 security weakness categories. ConclusionBased on our research findings, we recommend rigorous inspection efforts during code reviews. We also recommend further development and application of security static analysis tools so that security weaknesses in Julia programs can be detected before execution.