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The ability to program excited-state pathways in Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes offers a powerful strategy for controlling phototherapeutic activity, yet how reliably such design principles translate across biological contexts remains unclear. In this work, we examine how systematic modulation of ligand structure alters excited-state accessibility and biological response across multiple test systems. Specifically, we investigate a complete series of oligothiophene-extended Ru(II) complexes, Ru(6,6′-dmb)₂(IP-nT) series (n= 0–4), using spectroscopy, computation, photochemistry, and photobiology to define how oligothiophene length and coligand environment govern excited-state accessibility and biological response. Increasing oligothiophene chain length progressively suppresses photodissociative³MC pathways in favor of stabilizednT-centered³ILCT states. In mammalian cancer cells, onlyRu-3TandRu-4Texhibit light-dependent cytotoxicity, withRu-4Temerging as the most effective compound under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions despite similar singlet-oxygen yields and triplet lifetimes. Antibacterial studies reveal additional biological constraints: whileRu-4Tdisplays light-selective activity inStaphylococcus aureus, responses are attenuated inEnterococcus faecalisand absent in Gram-negative bacteria. Preliminaryin vivotolerability studies show thatRu-4Tis well tolerated and exhibits reduced systemic toxicity relative to related analogues. Together, these results demonstrate that stabilized ILCT-based excited states, rather than³MC-driven photochemistry, underpin productive phototherapeutic activity in this family of compounds, while biological context ultimately defines the limits of predictability for excited-state design. 

Abstract BackgroundAs restrictive abortion laws continue to emerge in various states of the United States, pregnant individuals are turning to alternative channels to seek abortion medication, one of which is engaging in self-managed medication abortion, purchasing the medication from online websites without any medical prescriptions. ObjectiveThis study explores the phenomenon of self-managed abortion medication sought by using online tools, by focusing mainly on the motivational factors and concerns behind such a decision, and the abortion seekers’ journey throughout this process. MethodsWe conducted 20 semistructured interviews with individuals who have sought an abortion in the United States by buying medication online. The interviews occurred online, and participants were compensated for their participation. Participants were recruited from Reddit communities centered around abortion access. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. ResultsThe results showed that participants expressed the need for anonymity, digital and physical, when seeking an abortion and considered self-managed abortion to be more economically and time-convenient. They also discussed how much self-managed abortion can lead to isolation and anxiety because of the lack of medical support and the sole reliance on information found online. The risks, such as counterfeit medication, possible fraud, and issues of timing, associated with seeking a self-managed abortion were extensively discussed by participants. ConclusionsOur research uncovered the motivational factors behind relying on online tools to purchase abortion medication and engaging in self-managed abortion. Moreover, our research provides evidence of the importance of digital services to offer pregnant individuals a way to find abortion medication detached from their physical communities, circumventing the stigma associated with seeking an abortion and the sociocultural consequences of it. This promised anonymity is the core motivational factor that encourages pregnant individuals to prefer these systems compared to legal options. However, behind this promised anonymity, privacy and security concerns might be hidden. 

Abstract There is little understanding of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior as preventive health behaviors in autistic adults. Technology has been used as an educational and social intervention tool for autistic individuals, yet it is also associated with low PA and high sedentary time (ST) in the neurotypical population. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of self-reported PA and ST and their relationships with various technology uses in autistic adults. We employed a Qualtrics online survey that consisted of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, and National Alliance for Mental Illness’s digital technology use survey. 229 responses (74.6% under 35 years of age; 64.1% males) satisfied the response validity criteria and were included in the analyses. The majority of participants (78%) met the recommended PA amount of ≥ 600 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week (median, 1,812 total MET-minutes/week), but they were also overly sedentary on both weekdays (median, 8 h/day) and weekends (median, 7 h/day). Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that variance of ST in weekday (45%) and weekend (43%) was largely explained by quality of life (β = -0.31;β = -0.33) and technology use time (β = 0.31;β = 0.26) (allp < .01). While technology can be an effective tool to support social and academic abilities in autistic adults, the use of technology devices needs to be monitored with care as it may put these individuals at risk for sedentary lifestyles and associated chronic diseases. 

Abstract. The ocean and sea ice are central to Earth's climate system, influencing global heat and carbon cycles, weather patterns, and sea level rise. Recent decades have seen rapid advances in Earth System Models (ESMs), but limitations remain in simulating and comparing key oceanic and cryospheric processes across models. A recurring challenge in model intercomparison efforts like the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is determining the output variables that best represent essential mechanisms while remaining manageable in volume and complexity. Here we present the CMIP7 ocean and sea ice data request, developed through an international, community-based process to prioritize variables for model output. We identify seven opportunities – science-based use cases spanning ocean and cryosphere drivers and responses, paleoclimate, polar amplification, extremes, wind waves, and rapid model evaluation – to guide variable selection and temporal resolution. To address these opportunities, we request new high-frequency and depth-integrated variables, support improved diagnostics of ocean heat uptake, sea ice processes, and model-observation comparison, and build on lessons from CMIP6. Our approach enables targeted, efficient, and transparent data curation to support a wide range of users, from model developers to policymakers. This effort reflects a growing need for more sophisticated, integrative model outputs that address pressing climate questions, including regional extremes and tipping points, while laying the groundwork for future modeling developments. 

Despite relatively constant surface temperatures, seasonally-varying rainfall in the Lake Victoria Basin is approximately bimodal with maxima during the equinoctial seasons. Rainfall amounts are lower during boreal winter, and boreal summer is dry. Explanations of this seasonality involving movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) are incorrect since the ITCZ, characterized by low-level meridional moisture convergence, is not identifiable over the Lake Victoria Basin. The ERA5 reanalysis is evaluated and used to understand the seasonality of Lake Victoria Basin precipitation, including the influence of land/lake mesoscale circulations and local topography. A consideration of diurnal time scales is included since averaging over the region’s pronounced diurnal cycles obscures physical processes. The unique features of the Lake Victoria Basin precipitation and the large-scale connections that determine its seasonality are evaluated. Seasonal variations in the continental-scale geopotential height field and the seasonal formation and breakdown of the Somali jet provide a large-scale framework for understanding the region’s seasonality. Interactions with mesoscale hydrodynamics associated with lake/land circulations and orographic flow superimpose to provide a more complete understanding. vailable