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This report summarizes the discussions from a workshop convened at NSF on May 30-31, 2018 in Alexandria, VA. The overarching objective of the workshop was to rethink the nature and composition of the NSF-supported computational ecosystem given changing application requirements and resources and technology landscapes. The workshop included roughly 50 participants, drawn from high-performance computing (HPC) centers, campus computing facilities, cloud service providers (academic and commercial), and distributed resource providers. Participants spanned both large research institutions and smaller universities. Organized by Daniel Reed (University of Utah, chair), David Lifka (Cornell University), David Swanson (University of Nebraska), Rommie Amaro (UCSD), and Nancy Wilkins-Diehr (UCSD/SDSC), the workshop was motivated by the following observations. First, there have been dramatic changes in the number and nature of applications using NSF-funded resources, as well as their resource needs. As a result, there are new demands on the type (e.g., data centric) and location (e.g., close to the data or the users) of the resources as well as new usage modes (e.g., on-demand and elastic). Second, there have been dramatic changes in the landscape of technologies, resources, and delivery mechanisms, spanning large scientific instruments, ubiquitous sensors, and cloud services, among others. 

In the 21st Century, research is increasingly data- and computation-driven. Researchers, funders, and the larger community today emphasize the traits of openness and reproducibility. In March 2017, 13 mostly early-career research leaders who are building their careers around these traits came together with ten university leaders (presidents, vice presidents, and vice provosts), representatives from four funding agencies, and eleven organizers and other stakeholders in an NIH- and NSF-funded one-day, invitation-only workshop titled "Imagining Tomorrow's University." Workshop attendees were charged with launching a new dialog around open research – the current status, opportunities for advancement, and challenges that limit sharing. The workshop examined how the internet-enabled research world has changed, and how universities need to change to adapt commensurately, aiming to understand how universities can and should make themselves competitive and attract the best students, staff, and faculty in this new world. During the workshop, the participants re-imagined scholarship, education, and institutions for an open, networked era, to uncover new opportunities for universities to create value and serve society. They expressed the results of these deliberations as a set of 22 principles of tomorrow's university across six areas: credit and attribution, communities, outreach and engagement, education, preservation and reproducibility, and technologies. Activities that follow on from workshop results take one of three forms. First, since the workshop, a number of workshop authors have further developed and published their white papers to make their reflections and recommendations more concrete. These authors are also conducting efforts to implement these ideas, and to make changes in the university system.  Second, we plan to organise a follow-up workshop that focuses on how these principles could be implemented. Third, we believe that the outcomes of this workshop support and are connected with recent theoretical work on the position and future of open knowledge institutions.