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This study captured middle and high school teachers’ perceptions of what they learned from professional development (PD) 3–4 years after participating in one of three National Science Foundation funded year-long PD projects. We surveyed 66 teachers from three different PD projects on the types of content, pedagogy, and resources that they remembered learning and continue to use when teaching mathematics. Results indicate that teachers remember and use many aspects from their PD experiences 3–4 years down the road. Most residual learnings from PD also appear to be highly aligned with the goals and intentions of the PD developers and researchers and may be related to the kind of PD design on the adaptive-specified continuum.Inter 

This study captured middle and high school teachers’ perceptions of what they learned from professional development 3-4 years after participating in one of three NSF funded year-long professional development (PD) projects. We surveyed teachers (n=66) from three different PD projects on the types of content, pedagogy, and resources that they remembered learning and continue to use when teaching mathematics. Results indicate that teachers remember and use many aspects from PD experiences 3-4 years down the road especially those they find relevant to their current teaching position. Most residual learnings from PD also appear to be highly aligned with the goals and intentions of the PD developers and researchers and these learnings have evolved through colleague collaboration and other PD opportunities. 

Echoing calls to expand environmental education research through design, this study explores the role of design in garden-based education and illustrate its contributions towards practical impact and theoretical insight. Design can explicate and map conjectures about resources, tasks, roles, and other supports for learning and teaching then, in turn, can be tested to illuminate how these supports operate together. Design, as such, focuses holistically on examining systems of activity. To these ends, case study method organizes analysis of garden-based learning in a US fifth-grade classroom (ages 10–11) that enacted a project-based gardening curriculum. Findings develop threes themes about designed supports: relating content and context; aligning curricula and gardens; and designing for curiosity and wonder. Discussion considers the role design plays in organizing, enhancing, and ultimately growing garden-based learning as well teaching and learning in environmental education more broadly. 

We introduce the Into Math Graph tool, which students use to graph how “into" mathematics they are over time. Using this tool can help teachers foster conversations with students and design experiences that focus on engagement from the student’s perspective.