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Human–Machine Interfaces (HMIs) for automated vehicles (AVs) are typically divided into two categories: internal HMIs for inter- actions within the vehicle, and external HMIs for communication with other road users. In this work, we examine the prospects of bridging these two seemingly distinct domains. Through a partici- patory workshop with automotive user interface researchers and practitioners, we facilitated a critical exploration of holistic HMI design by having workshop participants collaboratively develop interaction scenarios involving AVs, in-vehicle users, and external road users. The discussion o!ers insights into the escalation of interface elements as an HMI design strategy, the direct interac- tions between di!erent users, and an expanded understanding of holistic HMI design. This work re"ects a collaborative e!ort to understand the practical aspects of this holistic design approach, o!ering new perspectives and encouraging further investigation into this underexplored aspect of automotive user interfaces.