A high‐resolution model in conjunction with realistic background wind and temperature profiles has been used to simulate gravity waves (GWs) that were observed by an atmospheric radar at Syowa Station, Antarctica on 18 May 2021. The simulation successfully reproduces the observed features of the GWs, including the amplitude of vertical wind disturbances in the troposphere and vertical fluxes of northward momentum in the lower stratosphere. In the troposphere, ship‐wave responses are seen along the coastal topography, while in the stratosphere, critical‐level filtering due to the directional shear causes significant change of the wave pattern. The simulation shows the multi‐layer structure of small‐scale turbulent vorticity around the critical level, where turbulent energy dissipation rates estimated from the radar spectral widths were large, indicative of GW breaking. Another interesting feature of the simulation is a wave pattern with a horizontal wavelength of about 25 km, whose phase lines are aligned with the front of turbulent wake downwind of a hydraulic jump that occurs over steep terrain near the coastline. It is suggested that the GWs are likely radiated from the adiabatic lift of an airmass along an isentropic surface hump near the ground, which explains certain features of the observed GWs in the lower stratosphere.
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Abstract Free, publicly-accessible full text available February 16, 2025 -
Abstract Neutrinos from very nearby supernovae, such as Betelgeuse, are expected to generate more than ten million events over 10 s in Super-Kamokande (SK). At such large event rates, the buffers of the SK analog-to-digital conversion board (QBEE) will overflow, causing random loss of data that are critical for understanding the dynamics of the supernova explosion mechanism. In order to solve this problem, two new data-acquisition (DAQ) modules were developed to aid in the observation of very nearby supernovae. The first of these, the SN module, is designed to save only the number of hit photomultiplier tubes during a supernova burst and the second, the Veto module, prescales the high-rate neutrino events to prevent the QBEE from overflowing based on information from the SN module. In the event of a very nearby supernova, these modules allow SK to reconstruct the time evolution of the neutrino event rate from beginning to end using both QBEE and SN module data. This paper presents the development and testing of these modules together with an analysis of supernova-like data generated with a flashing laser diode. We demonstrate that the Veto module successfully prevents DAQ overflows for Betelgeuse-like supernovae as well as the long-term stability of the new modules. During normal running the Veto module is found to issue DAQ vetos a few times per month resulting in a total dead-time less than 1 ms, and does not influence ordinary operations. Additionally, using simulation data we find that supernovae closer than 800 pc will trigger the Veto module, resulting in a prescaling of the observed neutrino data.
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A search for the nonresonant production of Higgs boson pairs in thechannel is performed usingof proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis strategy is optimized to probe anomalous values of the Higgs boson self-coupling modifierand of the quartic() coupling modifier. No significant excess above the expected background from Standard Model processes is observed. An observed (expected) upper limitis set at 95% confidence-level on the Higgs boson pair production cross section normalized to its Standard Model prediction. The coupling modifiers are constrained to an observed (expected) 95% confidence interval of() and(), assuming all other Higgs boson couplings are fixed to the Standard Model prediction. The results are also interpreted in the context of effective field theories via constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings and Higgs boson pair production cross sections assuming different kinematic benchmark scenarios.
© 2024 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration 2024 CERN Free, publicly-accessible full text available August 1, 2025 -
Abstract A search for leptoquark pair production decaying into
or$$te^- \bar{t}e^+$$ in final states with multiple leptons is presented. The search is based on a dataset of$$t\mu ^- \bar{t}\mu ^+$$ pp collisions at recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$$\sqrt{s}=13~\text {TeV} $$ . Four signal regions, with the requirement of at least three light leptons (electron or muon) and at least two jets out of which at least one jet is identified as coming from a$$^{-1}$$ b -hadron, are considered based on the number of leptons of a given flavour. The main background processes are estimated using dedicated control regions in a simultaneous fit with the signal regions to data. No excess above the Standard Model background prediction is observed and 95% confidence level limits on the production cross section times branching ratio are derived as a function of the leptoquark mass. Under the assumption of exclusive decays into ($$te^{-}$$ ), the corresponding lower limit on the scalar mixed-generation leptoquark mass$$t\mu ^{-}$$ is at 1.58 (1.59) TeV and on the vector leptoquark mass$$m_{\textrm{LQ}_{\textrm{mix}}^{\textrm{d}}}$$ at 1.67 (1.67) TeV in the minimal coupling scenario and at 1.95 (1.95) TeV in the Yang–Mills scenario.$$m_{{\tilde{U}}_1}$$ Free, publicly-accessible full text available August 1, 2025 -
Abstract The ATLAS trigger system is a crucial component of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. It is responsible for selecting events in line with the ATLAS physics programme. This paper presents an overview of the changes to the trigger and data acquisition system during the second long shutdown of the LHC, and shows the performance of the trigger system and its components in the proton-proton collisions during the 2022 commissioning period as well as its expected performance in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions for the remainder of the third LHC data-taking period (2022–2025).
Free, publicly-accessible full text available June 1, 2025 -
A search for high-mass resonances decaying into a-lepton and a neutrino using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy ofis presented. The full run 2 data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity ofrecorded by the ATLAS experiment in the years 2015–2018 is analyzed. The-lepton is reconstructed in its hadronic decay modes and the total transverse momentum carried out by neutrinos is inferred from the reconstructed missing transverse momentum. The search for new physics is performed on the transverse mass between the-lepton and the missing transverse momentum. No excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed and upper exclusion limits are set on theproduction cross section. Heavyvector bosons with masses up to 5.0 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, assuming that they have the same couplings as the Standard Modelboson. For nonuniversal couplings,bosons are excluded for masses less than 3.5–5.0 TeV, depending on the model parameters. In addition, model-independent limits on the visible cross section times branching ratio are determined as a function of the lower threshold on the transverse mass of the-lepton and missing transverse momentum.
© 2024 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration 2024 CERN Free, publicly-accessible full text available June 1, 2025 -
This paper presents a search for pair production of higgsinos, the supersymmetric partners of the Higgs bosons, in scenarios with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. Each higgsino is assumed to decay into a Higgs boson and a nearly massless gravitino. The search targets events where each Higgs boson decays into, leading to a reconstructed final state with at least three energetic-jets and missing transverse momentum. Two complementary analysis channels are used, with each channel specifically targeting either low or high values of the higgsino mass. The low-mass (high-mass) channel exploitsofdata collected by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess above the Standard Model prediction is found. At 95% confidence level, masses between 130 GeV and 940 GeV are excluded for higgsinos decaying exclusively into Higgs bosons and gravitinos. Exclusion limits as a function of the higgsino decay branching ratio to a Higgs boson are also reported.
© 2024 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration 2024 CERN Free, publicly-accessible full text available June 1, 2025