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Recently, due to accelerations in urban and industrial development, the health impact of air pollution has become a topic of key concern. Of the various forms of air pollution, fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM_2.5; particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) appears to pose the greatest risk to human health. While even moderate levels of PM_2.5can be detrimental to health, spikes in PM_2.5to atypically high levels are even more dangerous. These spikes are believed to be associated with regionally specific meteorological factors. To quantify these associations, we develop a Bayesian spatiotemporal quantile regression model to estimate the spatially varying effects of meteorological variables purported to be related to PM_2.5levels. By adopting a quantile regression model, we are able to examine the entire distribution of PM_2.5levels; for example, we are able to identify which meteorological drivers are related to abnormally high PM_2.5levels. Our approach uses penalized splines to model the spatially varying meteorological effects and to account for spatiotemporal dependence. The performance of the methodology is evaluated through extensive numerical studies. We apply our modeling techniques to 5 years of daily PM_2.5data collected throughout the eastern United States to reveal the effects of various meteorological drivers.