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Photonics offers unique capabilities for quantum information processing (QIP) such as room-temperature operation, the scalability of nanophotonics, and access to ultrabroad bandwidths and consequently ultrafast operation. Ultrashort pulse sources of quantum states in nanophotonics are an important building block for achieving scalable ultrafast QIP; however, their demonstrations so far have been sparse. Here, we demonstrate a femtosecond biphoton source in dispersion-engineered periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonics. We measure 17 THz of bandwidth for the source centered at 2.09 µm, corresponding to a few optical cycles, with a brightness of 8.8 GHz/mW. Our results open new paths toward realization of ultrafast nanophotonic QIP.

Ultra-intense parametric amplification can be used for amplifying single photons to macroscopic levels. We experimentally detected coherent states with 〈N〉=4.86 with 17% efficiency and 2.5% dark count probability.

We present a photon-pair source at 2 µm with more than 45 THz bandwidth and a generation rate of 122 GHz/mW in lithium niobate nanophotonics, opening up many opportunities in mid-infrared quantum information processing.