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Abstract In contrast to the well-known phenomenon of frequency stabilization in a synchronized noisy nonlinear oscillator, little is known about its amplitude stability. In this paper, we investigate experimentally and theoretically the amplitude evolution and stability of a nonlinear nanomechanical self-sustained oscillator that is synchronized with an external harmonic drive. We show that the phase difference between the tones plays a critical role on the amplitude level, and we demonstrate that in the strongly nonlinear regime, its amplitude fluctuations are reduced considerably. These findings bring to light a new facet of the synchronization phenomenon, extending its range of applications beyond the field of clock-references and suggesting a new means to enhance oscillator amplitude stability.

Abstract In this work we demonstrate how one can improve the angular rate sensitivity of ring/disk resonating gyroscopes by tailoring their nonlinear behavior by systematic shaping of the gyroscope body and electrodes, and by the tuning of bias voltages on segmented electrodes. Of specific interest are the drive and sense mode Duffing nonlinearities, which limit their dynamic ranges, and the intermodal dispersive coupling between these modes that provides parametric amplification of the sense mode output signal. These two effects have the same physical origins and are in competition in terms of system performance, which naturally calls for optimization considerations. The present analysis is based on a systematic modeling of the nonlinear response of these devices by which we explore ways in which one can optimize the angular rate sensitivity by manipulating the mechanical and electrostatic contributions to the nonlinearities. In particular, non-uniform modifications of the gyroscope body thickness are employed to affect the mechanical contributions to these parameters, while the electrostatic components are manipulated via shaping of the resonator-electrode gap and by applying non-uniform bias voltages among segmented electrodes around the gyroscope body. These models predict that such relatively simple alterations can achieve improvements in gain by about an ordermore »of magnitude when compared to devices with uniform layouts.« less

This paper describes a hybrid approach for modeling nonlinear vibrations and determining essential (normal form) coefficients that govern a reduced-order model of a structure. Incorporating both computational and analytical tools, this blended method is demonstrated by considering a micro-electro-mechanical vibrating gyroscopic rate sensor that is actuated by segmented DC electrodes. Two characterization methods are expatiated, where one is more favorable in computational tools and the other can be used in experiments. Using the reduced model, it is shown that tuning the nonuniform DC bias results in favorable changes in Duffing and mode-coupling nonlinearities which can improve the gyroscope angular rate sensitivity by two orders of magnitude.

Abstract This article describes the effects of gravity on the response of systems of identical, cyclically arranged, centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVAs) fitted to a rotor spinning about a vertical axis. CPVAs are passive devices composed of movable masses suspended on a rotor, suspended such that they reduce torsional vibrations at a given engine order. Gravitational effects acting on the absorbers can be important for systems spinning at relatively low rotation speeds, for example, during engine idle conditions. The main goal of this study is to predict the response of a CPVA/rotor system in the presence of gravity. A linearized model that includes the effects of gravity and an order n torque acting on the rotor is analyzed by exploiting the cyclic symmetry of the system. The results show that a system of N absorbers responds in one or more groups, where the absorbers in each group have identical waveforms but shifted phases. The nature of the waveforms can have a limiting effect on the absorber operating envelope. The number of groups is shown to depend on the engine order n and the ratio N/n. It is also shown that there are special resonant effects if the engine order ismore »n = 1 or n = 2, the latter of which is particularly important in applications. In these cases, the response of the absorbers has a complicated dependence on the relative levels of the applied torque and gravity. In addition, it is shown that for N > 1, the rotor response is not affected by gravity, at least to leading order, due to the cyclic symmetry of the gravity effects. The linear model and the attendant analytical predictions are verified by numerical simulations of the full nonlinear equations of motion.« less