The NSF Public Access Repository (NSF-PAR) system and access will be unavailable from 11:00 PM ET on Friday, August 12 until 2:00 AM ET on Saturday, August 13 due to maintenance. We apologize for the inconvenience.
Explore Scholarly Publications and Datasets in the NSF-PAR
Have feedback or suggestions for a way to improve these results?
!
Note: When clicking on a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number, you will be taken to an external site maintained by the publisher.
Some full text articles may not yet be available without a charge during the embargo (administrative interval).
What is a DOI Number?
Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Pantuso, J. G.; da Silva, C. L.; Sanchez, J. T.; Bowers, G. S.(
, Physics of Plasmas)
Runaway electron acceleration is the keystone process responsible for the production of energetic radiation by lightning and thunderstorms. In the laboratory, it remains undetermined if runaway electrons are merely a consequence of high electric fields produced at the ionization fronts of electrical discharges, or if they impact the discharge formation and propagation. In this work, we simulate photon pileup in a detector next to a spark gap. We compare laboratory measurements to ensembles of monoenergetic electron beam simulations performed with Geant4 (using the Monte Carlo method). First, we describe the x-ray emission properties of monoenergetic beams with initial energies inmore »the 20 to 75 keV range. Second, we introduce a series of techniques to combine monoenergetic beams to produce general-shape electron energy spectra. Third, we proceed to attempt to fit the experimental data collected in the laboratory, and to discuss the ambiguities created by photon pileup and how it constrains the amount of information that can be inferred from the measurements. We show that pileup ambiguities arise from the fact that every single monoenergetic electron beam produces photon deposited energy spectra of similar qualitative shape and that increasing the electron count in any beam has the same qualitative effect of shifting the peak of the deposited energy spectrum toward higher energies. The best agreement between simulations and measurements yields a mean average error of 8.6% and a R-squared value of 0.74.« less
Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 1, 2023
Contreras‐Vidal, L.; Sonnenfeld, R. G.; da Silva, C. L.; McHarg, M. G.; Jensen, D.; Harley, J.; Taylor, L.; Haaland, R.; Stenbaek‐Nielsen, H.(
, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics)
CMS is tackling the exploitation of CPU resources at HPC centers where compute nodes do not have network connectivity to the Internet. Pilot agents and payload jobs need to interact with external services from the compute nodes: access to the application software (CernVM-FS) and conditions data (Frontier), management of input and output data files (data management services), and job management (HTCondor). Finding an alternative route to these services is challenging. Seamless integration in the CMS production system without causing any operational overhead is a key goal. The case of the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), in Spain, is particularly challenging, duemore »to its especially restrictive network setup. We describe in this paper the solutions developed within CMS to overcome these restrictions, and integrate this resource in production. Singularity containers with application software releases are built and pre-placed in the HPC facility shared file system, together with conditions data files. HTCondor has been extended to relay communications between running pilot jobs and HTCondor daemons through the HPC shared file system. This operation mode also allows piping input and output data files through the HPC file system. Results, issues encountered during the integration process, and remaining concerns are discussed.« less
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 387 aims to recover sediments at two sites located in shallow water (~350 to 450 m) on the uppermost continental slope west of the Amazon Fan, northwest of the mouth of the Amazon River. These sediments were deposited in the upper part of the long-lived Foz do Amazonas Basin of the equatorial margin of Brazil. These two sites will recover a sedimentary sequence that spans much of the Cenozoic but with variable provenance and highly variable sedimentation rates. By virtue of their location, the Quaternary sediments will recover an abundance of terrigenous materials includingmore »pollen, organic matter, zircon grains, and clay minerals, allowing detailed reconstruction of the biodiversity, climate, and hydrology of the adjacent tropical South American continent. At the same time, an abundance of well-preserved marine microfossils and organic matter will allow accurate determination of the age and oceanographic conditions of the western equatorial Atlantic that partly forced the climate of the adjacent continent. However, our reconstructions of the spatial patterns of biodiversity and climate through time must be interpreted with the knowledge that the geometry of the watersheds that contributed water and sediment to the coastal Atlantic was itself rearranged through time. For example, a transcontinental proto-Amazon river did not likely reach the Atlantic until somewhere between 11 and 2 Ma, a date that we expect to more accurately determine from these new cores. Prior to that event, terrigenous sediments at our sites would have been derived from smaller coastal rivers draining watersheds limited to the eastern tropics of northeastern South America. The planned drill sites of Expedition 387 will be the marine complement to a transect of continental drill sites. Together, the marine and continental sites form the Trans-Amazon Drilling Project (TADP), a project that is partly funded by the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). The TADP addresses fundamental questions about the Cenozoic climatic evolution of the Amazon region, the origins and evolution of the neotropical rain forest and its biodiversity, and the origins and rearrangements of the transcontinental Amazon River. Together, we expect that these IODP and ICDP projects will transform our understanding of Amazonian geological, climatic, biological, and paleoceanographic history.« less
Kang, Daekyoung; Chien, Yang-Ting; Lee, Kyle; Makris, Yiannis; Vitev, I.; da Silva, C.; Mioduszewski, S.; Ratti, C.; Sarcevic, I.; Schlegel, M.(
, EPJ Web of Conferences)
We discuss a new approach for jet physics analysis by using subtraction between cumulants of jet substructure observables. The subtracted cumulants are insensitive to soft-particle background uncorrelated with the hard process and allow comparisons between theoretical results and experimental measurements without the complication of soft background like underlying and pile-up events. We find our method using jet mass cumulants efficiently eliminates the background in Monte Carlo simulations and ATLAS jet mass measurements and they show a good agreement with our analytic calculations performed using soft-collinear effective theory.
Aaij, R.; Abdelmotteleb, A. S.; Beteta, C. Abellán; Gallego, F. J.; Ackernley, T.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Afsharnia, H.; Agapopoulou, C.; Aidala, C. A.; et al(
, Nature Communications)
Abstract Quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force, describes interactions of coloured quarks and gluons and the formation of hadronic matter. Conventional hadronic matter consists of baryons and mesons made of three quarks and quark-antiquark pairs, respectively. Particles with an alternative quark content are known as exotic states. Here a study is reported of an exotic narrow state in the D 0 D 0 π + mass spectrum just below the D *+ D 0 mass threshold produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The state is consistent with the ground isoscalarmore »$${{{{{{\rm{T}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}^{+}$$ T c c + tetraquark with a quark content of $${{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}\overline{{{{{{\rm{u}}}}}}}\overline{{{{{{\rm{d}}}}}}}$$ c c u ¯ d ¯ and spin-parity quantum numbers J P = 1 + . Study of the DD mass spectra disfavours interpretation of the resonance as the isovector state. The decay structure via intermediate off-shell D *+ mesons is consistent with the observed D 0 π + mass distribution. To analyse the mass of the resonance and its coupling to the D * D system, a dedicated model is developed under the assumption of an isoscalar axial-vector $${{{{{{\rm{T}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}^{+}$$ T c c + state decaying to the D * D channel. Using this model, resonance parameters including the pole position, scattering length, effective range and compositeness are determined to reveal important information about the nature of the $${{{{{{\rm{T}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}^{+}$$ T c c + state. In addition, an unexpected dependence of the production rate on track multiplicity is observed.« less
Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2023
Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abbott, D. C.; Abud, A. Abed; Abeling, K.; Abhayasinghe, D. K.; Abidi, S. H.; Aboulhorma, A.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; et al(
, Computing and Software for Big Science)
Abstract The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has a broad physics programme ranging from precision measurements to direct searches for new particles and new interactions, requiring ever larger and ever more accurate datasets of simulated Monte Carlo events. Detector simulation with Geant4 is accurate but requires significant CPU resources. Over the past decade, ATLAS has developed and utilized tools that replace the most CPU-intensive component of the simulation—the calorimeter shower simulation—with faster simulation methods. Here, AtlFast3, the next generation of high-accuracy fast simulation in ATLAS, is introduced. AtlFast3 combines parameterized approaches with machine-learning techniques and is deployed tomore »meet current and future computing challenges, and simulation needs of the ATLAS experiment. With highly accurate performance and significantly improved modelling of substructure within jets, AtlFast3 can simulate large numbers of events for a wide range of physics processes.« less
Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2023
We present an input/output analysis of photon-correlation experiments whereby a quantum mechanically entangled bi-photon state interacts with a material sample placed in one arm of a Hong–Ou–Mandel apparatus. We show that the output signal contains detailed information about subsequent entanglement with the microscopic quantum states in the sample. In particular, we apply the method to an ensemble of emitters interacting with a common photon mode within the open-system Dicke model. Our results indicate considerable dynamical information concerning spontaneous symmetry breaking can be revealed with such an experimental system.
Full Text Available