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Creators/Authors contains: "Soto, Agustin"

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  1. We experimentally investigate liquid infiltration into horizontally oriented fiber arrays imposed by sequential drop impacts. Our experimental system is inspired by mammalian fur coats, and our results provide insight to how we expect natural fibers to respond to falling drops and the structure innate to this multiscale covering. Two successive drop impacts are filmed striking three-dimensional-printed fiber arrays with varying densities, surface wettability, and fixed fiber diameter. The penetration depth and the lateral width of drop spreading within fiber layers are functions of drop displacement relative to the liquid already within the array as well as the drop Weber number. Hydrophobic fibers more effectively prevent an increase in penetration depth by the second impacting drop at low impact Weber numbers, whereas hydrophilic fibers ensure lower liquid penetration depth into the array as the Weber number increases. Impact outcomes, such as penetration depth and lateral spreading, are insensitive to impact eccentricity between the first and second drops at high experimental Weber numbers. As expected, denser, staggered fibers reduce infiltration, preventing the entire drop mass from entering the array. Fragmentation of the first drop, which is promoted by hydrophobicity, larger inter-fiber spacing, and higher drop impact velocity, limits increases in lateral spreading and penetration depth of the liquid mass from a subsequent drop. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available July 1, 2026