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Two-dimensional cadmium selenide nanoplatelets (NPLs) exhibit large absorption cross sections and homogeneously broadened band-edge transitions that offer utility in wide-ranging optoelectronic applications. Here, we examine the temperature-dependence of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in 4- and 5-monolayer thick NPLs and show that the threshold for close-packed (neat) films decreases with decreasing temperature by a factor of 2–10 relative to ambient temperature owing to extrinsic (trapping) and intrinsic (phonon-derived line width) factors. Interestingly, for pump intensities that exceed the ASE threshold, we find development of intense emission to lower energy in particular provided that the film temperature is ≤200 K. For NPLs diluted in an inert polymer, both biexcitonic ASE and low-energy emission are suppressed, suggesting that described neat-film observables rely upon high chromophore density and rapid, collective processes. Transient emission spectra reveal ultrafast red-shifting with the time of the lower energy emission. Taken together, these findings indicate a previously unreported process of amplified stimulated emission from polyexciton states that is consistent with quantum droplets and constitutes a form of exciton condensate. For studied samples, quantum droplets form provided that roughly 17 meV or less of thermal energy is available, which we hypothesize relates to polyexciton binding energy. Polyexciton ASE can produce pump-fluence-tunable red-shifted ASE even 120 meV lower in energy than biexciton ASE. Our findings convey the importance of biexciton and polyexciton populations in nanoplatelets and show that quantum droplets can exhibit light amplification at significantly lower photon energies than biexcitonic ASE. 

This study explores the advantages and limitations of shaped narrowband and broadband excitation pulses in EPR spectroscopy on spin-correlated radical pairs, including chirp out-of-phase ESEEM. 

Organic solar cells (OSCs) using non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) afford exceptional photovoltaic performance metrics, however, their stability remains a significant challenge. Existing OSC stability studies focus on understanding degradation rate-performance relationships, improving interfacial layers, and suppressing degradative chemical reaction pathways. Nevertheless, there is a knowledge gap concerning how such degradation affects crystal structure, electronic states, and recombination dynamics that ultimately impact NFA performance. Here we seek a quantitative relationship between OSC metrics and blend morphology, trap density of states, charge carrier mobility, and recombination processes during the UV-light-induced degradation of PBDB-TF:Y6 inverted solar cells as the PCE (power conversion efficiency) falls from 17.3 to 5.0%. Temperature-dependent electrical and impedance measurements reveal deep traps at 0.48 eV below the conduction band that are unaffected by Y6 degradation, and shallow traps at 0.15 eV below the conduction band that undergo a three-fold density of states increase at the PCE degradation onset. Computational analysis correlates vinyl oxidation with a new trap state at 0.25 eV below the conduction band, likely involving charge transfer from the UV-absorbing ZnO electron transport layer. In-situ integrated photocurrent analysis and transient absorption spectroscopy reveal that these traps lower electron mobility and increase recombination rates during degradation. Grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering and computational analysis reveal that the degraded Y6 crystallite morphology is largely preserved but that <1% of degraded Y6 molecules cause OSC PCE performance degradation by ≈50%. Together the detailed electrical, impedance, morphological, ultrafast spectroscopic, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) spectroscopy, and computational data reveal that the trap state energies and densities accompanying Y6 vinyl oxidation are primarily responsible for the PCE degradation in these operating NFA-OSCs. 

Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) offer prospective use as active optical elements in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photocatalysts due to their tunable optical absorption and emission properties, high stability, and scalable solution processing, as well as compatibility with additive manufacturing routes. Over the course of experiments, during device fabrication, or while in use commercially, these materials are often subjected to intense or prolonged electronic excitation and high carrier densities. The influence of such conditions on ligand integrity and binding remains underexplored. Here, we expose CdSe NCs to laser excitation and monitor changes in oleate that is covalently attached to the NC surface using nuclear magnetic resonance as a function of time and laser intensity. Higher photon doses cause increased rates of ligand loss from the particles, with upward of 50% total ligand desorption measured for the longest, most intense excitation. Surprisingly, for a range of excitation intensities, fragmentation of the oleate is detected and occurs concomitantly with formation of aldehydes, terminal alkenes, H2, and water. After illumination, NC size, shape, and bandgap remain constant although low-energy absorption features (Urbach tails) develop in some samples, indicating formation of substantial trap states. The observed reaction chemistry, which here occurs with low photon to chemical conversion efficiency, suggests that ligand reactivity may require examination for improved NC dispersion stability but can also be manipulated to yield desired photocatalytically accessed chemical species. 

The role of chirality in determining the spin dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer in donor-acceptor molecules remains an open question. Although chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been demonstrated in molecules bound to substrates, experimental information about whether this process influences spin dynamics in the molecules themselves is lacking. Here we used time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that CISS strongly influences the spin dynamics of isolated covalent donor–chiral bridge–acceptor (D-Bχ-A) molecules in which selective photoexcitation of D is followed by two rapid, sequential electron-transfer events to yield D^•+-Bχ-A^•–. Exploiting this phenomenon affords the possibility of using chiral molecular building blocks to control electron spin states in quantum information applications.