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Jaffe, Matt; Xu, Victoria; Haslinger, Philipp; Müller, Holger; Hamilton, Paul (, Physical Review Letters)
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Xu, Victoria; Jaffe, Matt; Panda, Cristian D.; Kristensen, Sofus L.; Clark, Logan W.; Müller, Holger (, Science)Atom interferometers are powerful tools for both measurements in fundamental physics and inertial sensing applications. Their performance, however, has been limited by the available interrogation time of freely falling atoms in a gravitational field. By suspending the spatially separated atomic wave packets in a lattice formed by the mode of an optical cavity, we realize an interrogation time of 20 seconds. Our approach allows gravitational potentials to be measured by holding, rather than dropping, atoms. After seconds of hold time, gravitational potential energy differences from as little as micrometers of vertical separation generate megaradians of interferometer phase. This trapped geometry suppresses the phase variance due to vibrations by three to four orders of magnitude, overcoming the dominant noise source in atom-interferometric gravimeters.more » « less
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Jia, Wenxuan; Xu, Victoria; Kuns, Kevin; Nakano, Masayuki; Barsotti, Lisa; Evans, Matthew; Mavalvala, Nergis; Abbott, R; Abouelfettouh, I; Adhikari, R X; et al (, Science)The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that the position and momentum of an object cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision, giving rise to an apparent limitation known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). Gravitational-wave detectors use photons to continuously measure the positions of freely falling mirrors and so are affected by the SQL. We investigated the performance of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) after the experimental realization of frequency-dependent squeezing designed to surpass the SQL. For the LIGO Livingston detector, we found that the upgrade reduces quantum noise below the SQL by a maximum of three decibels between 35 and 75 hertz while achieving a broadband sensitivity improvement, increasing the overall detector sensitivity during astrophysical observations.more » « less
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Haslinger, Philipp; Jaffe, Matt; Xu, Victoria; Schwartz, Osip; Sonnleitner, Matthias; Ritsch-Marte, Monika; Ritsch, Helmut; Müller, Holger (, Nature Physics)
