Domestic attempts to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a country can have synergistic and/or trade-off effects on the advancement of SDGs in other countries. Transboundary SDG interactions can be delivered through various transmission channels (e.g., trade, river flow, ocean currents, and air flow). This study quantified the transboundary interactions through these channels between 768 pairs of SDG indicators. The results showed that although high income countries only comprised 14.18% of the global population, they contributed considerably to total SDG interactions worldwide (60.60%). Transboundary synergistic effects via international trade were 14.94% more pronounced with trade partners outside their immediate geographic vicinity than with neighbouring ones. Conversely, nature-caused flows (including river flow, ocean currents, and air flow) resulted in 39.29% stronger transboundary synergistic effects among neighboring countries compared to non-neighboring ones. To facilitate the achievement of SDGs worldwide, it is essential to enhance collaboration among countries and leverage transboundary synergies.
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Abstract A Lewis acid‐catalyzed formal [3+3] cascade annulation strategy for the formation of diverse tricyclic compounds possessing functionalized pyrano[3,2‐c]chromen‐5(2
H )‐one fragments has been developed using propargylic alcohols and 4‐hydroxy‐2H ‐chromen‐2‐ones as the substrates. The protocol provides a one‐step, environmentally benign method of accessing a broad range of pyrano[3,2‐c]chromen‐5(2H )‐one derivatives in excellent yields under mild conditions and with good functional‐group tolerance. The method is effective on the gram scale, which highlights the inherent practicality of this synthetic transformation.magnified image -
Abstract A novel copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate‐catalyzed intermolecular cascade annulation strategy for the construction of a great variety of pentacyclic compounds possessing valuable carbazole fragments was developed employing propargylic alcohols and (
Z )‐2‐styryl‐1H ‐indoles as the initial substrates. This protocol, which entails a sequential Meyer‐Schuster rearrangement/isomerization/‐cyclization cascade, enables facile and atom‐economical access to various pentacyclic compounds with broad functional‐group tolerance in good yields under mild conditions. The conversion could be efficiently scaled up to gram quantities, accentuating a potential application of this work.magnified image -
Abstract A Brønsted acid‐mediated formal [3+3] cascade annulation of propargylic alcohols with 1,3‐diketones proceeds through a sequential Meyer−Schuster rearrangement/1,2‐addition. This protocol, which has a wide scope and is conducted under an ambient atmosphere, enables access to a broad array of valuable chromenone derivatives related to many natural products in satisfactory yields under mild conditions. This method could be scaled up to the gram scale, which highlights the latent applicability of this transformation.
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