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Simultaneous human activities, such as the Super Bowl game, would cause certain impacts on frequency fluctuations in power systems. With the help of FNET/GridEye measurements, this paper aims to give comprehensive analyses on the frequency fluctuations during Super Bowl LIV held on Feb. 2, 2020, so as to better understand several phenomena caused by simultaneous activities which will help system operations and controls. First, recent developments of the FNET/GridEye are briefly introduced. Second, the frequency fluctuations of the Eastern Interconnection (EI), western electricity coordinating council (WECC), and electric reliability council of Texas (ERCOT) power systems during Super Bowl LIV are analyzed. Third, frequency fluctuations of Super Bowl Sunday and ordinary Sundays in 2020 are compared. Finally, the differences of frequency fluctuations among different years during the Super Bowl and their change trends are also given. Furthermore, several possible explanations, including the simultaneity of electricity consumption at the beginning of commercial breaks and the halftime show, the increasing usage of the Internet, and the increasing size of TV screens, are illustrated in detail in this paper. 

Abstract Reconstructing the history of polar temperature from ice core water isotope (δ¹⁸O) calibration has remained a challenge in paleoclimate research, because of our incomplete understanding of various temperature–δ¹⁸O relationships. This paper resolves this classical problem in a new framework called the unified slope equations (USE), which illustrates the general relations among spatial and temporalδ¹⁸O–surface temperature slopes. The USE is applied to the Antarctica temperature change during the last deglaciation in model simulations and observations. It is shown that the comparable Antarctica-mean spatial slope with deglacial temporal slope inδ¹⁸O–surface temperature reconstruction is caused, accidentally, by the compensation responses between theδ¹⁸O–inversion layer temperature relation and the inversion layer temperature itself. Furthermore, in light of the USE, we propose that the present seasonal slope ofδ¹⁸O–inversion layer temperature is an optimal paleothermometer that is more accurate and robust than the spatial slope. This optimal slope suggests the possibility of reconstructing past Antarctic temperature changes using present and future instrumental observations. Significance StatementThis paper develops a new framework called the unified slope equations (USE) to provide, for the first time, a general relation among various spatial and temporal water isotope–temperature slopes. The application of the USE to Antarctic deglacial temperature change shows that the optimal paleothermometer is the seasonal slope of the inversion layer temperature. 

The branching fraction of the decay $B^{+}\to \psi \left(2S\right)\varphi \left(1020\right)K^{+}$, relative to the topologically similar decay $B^{+}\to J/\psi \varphi \left(1020\right)K^{+}$, is measured using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. The ratio is found to be $0.061\pm 0.004\pm 0.009$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Using the world-average branching fraction for $B^{+}\to J/\psi \varphi \left(1020\right)K^{+}$, the branching fraction for the decay $B^{+}\to \psi \left(2S\right)\varphi \left(1020\right)K^{+}$is found to be $(3.0\pm 0.2\pm 0.5\pm 0.2)\times {10}^{-6}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the branching fraction of the normalization channel. © 2025 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration2025CERN 

A<sc>bstract</sc> A comprehensive study of the local and nonlocal amplitudes contributing to the decayB⁰→K^*0(→K⁺π⁻)μ⁺μ⁻is performed by analysing the phase-space distribution of the decay products. The analysis is based onppcollision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.4 fb⁻¹collected by the LHCb experiment. This measurement employs for the first time a model of both one-particle and two-particle nonlocal amplitudes, and utilises the complete dimuon mass spectrum without any veto regions around the narrow charmonium resonances. In this way it is possible to explicitly isolate the local and nonlocal contributions and capture the interference between them. The results show that interference with nonlocal contributions, although larger than predicted, only has a minor impact on the Wilson Coefficients determined from the fit to the data. For the local contributions, the Wilson Coefficient$$ {\mathcal{C}}_9 $$ $C_9$, responsible for vector dimuon currents, exhibits a 2.1σdeviation from the Standard Model expectation. The Wilson Coefficients$$ {\mathcal{C}}_{10} $$ $C_{10}$,$$ {\mathcal{C}}_9^{\prime } $$ $C_9^{\prime }$and$$ {\mathcal{C}}_{10}^{\prime } $$ $C_{10}^{\prime }$are all in better agreement than$$ {\mathcal{C}}_9 $$ $C_9$with the Standard Model and the global significance is at the level of 1.5σ. The model used also accounts for nonlocal contributions fromB⁰→ K^*0[τ⁺τ⁻→ μ⁺μ⁻] rescattering, resulting in the first direct measurement of thebsττvector effective-coupling$$ {\mathcal{C}}_{9\tau } $$ $C_{9\tau }$.