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  1. The Hubbard Brook Watershed Stream and Precipitation Chemistry Record is a dataset of chemical concentration data for precipitation and streamwater samples that have been collected weekly since the summer of 1963 from streams and precipitation gauges throughout the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, a research forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. HBWatER currently collects weekly samples from nine gauged watersheds, the mainstem of the Hubbard Brook into which each small stream drains, and two long-term precipitation collection sites. HBWatER was begun in the 1960's by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson who began collecting and analyzing stream and precipitation (rain and snow). They had a simple idea, that by comparing watershed inputs in rain and snow to watershed outputs from streams, they could measure the behavior of entire ecosystems in response to atmospheric pollution or forestry practices. Stream and precipitation samples have been collected every week from 1963 to the present day. Insights gained from studying this long-term chemical record led to the discovery of acid rain in North America and have documented the effectiveness of federal clean air legislation in reducing coalfired power plant emissions. The collection and analysis of HBWatER samples is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
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  2. Hubbard Brook weather notes (aka field notes) are daily weather observations by technicians at Hubbard Brook – a record that began in the mid-1970s, and continues today. Weekend weather notes are included, and are observations from their nearby homes in Thornton, Campton or Plymouth NH. These notes capture subtle details in weather that are not recorded by sensors at Hubbard Brook. These may include, but are not limited to, thunderstorms, frontal passages, named storms (i.e. Hurricanes, Tropical storms), fog, ground surface frost, precipitation type, and cloud types. In this data package, the weather notes from 1990-2019 have been scanned into annual pdf files, and are zipped into 5 year increments for download. Temperature and precipitation data are noted on the weather note sheets – these data are from hygrothermographs and precipitation recording rain gage at STA/RG22 (Hubbard Brook Headquarters), and beginning in 2014-15, from digital sensors. Note that temperature and precipitation from these handwritten sheets should not be used for data analysis. Temperature and precipitation finalized QA/QC products are available in digital format at the links below. The handwritten weather notes should be used as reference only. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 2020. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Daily Precipitation Rain Gage Measurements, 1956 - present ver 14. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e735df68b214f75132179f39a04fb16e USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 2020. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Daily Temperature Record, 1955 – present ver 9. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e7c793b98b895de2bb5e505f9ff5e0cb 
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  3. The Hubbard Brook Watershed Stream and Precipitation Chemistry Record is a dataset of chemical concentration data for precipitation and streamwater samples that have been collected weekly since the summer of 1963 from streams and precipitation gauges throughout the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, a research forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. HBWatER currently collects weekly samples from nine gauged watersheds, the mainstem of the Hubbard Brook into which each small stream drains, and two long-term precipitation collection sites. HBWatER was begun in the 1960's by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson who began collecting and analyzing stream and precipitation (rain and snow). They had a simple idea, that by comparing watershed inputs in rain and snow to watershed outputs from streams, they could measure the behavior of entire ecosystems in response to atmospheric pollution or forestry practices. Stream and precipitation samples have been collected every week from 1963 to the present day. Insights gained from studying this long-term chemical record led to the discovery of acid rain in North America and have documented the effectiveness of federal clean air legislation in reducing coalfired power plant emissions. The collection and analysis of HBWatER samples is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
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  4. These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in precipitation collected at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and are a part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. The solute fluxes in precipitation are calculated as the product of precipitation volume and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term stream water record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term stream and precipitation chemistry record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
    more » « less
  5. These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in precipitation collected at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and are a part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. The solute fluxes in precipitation are calculated as the product of precipitation volume and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term stream water record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term stream and precipitation chemistry record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
    more » « less
  6. These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in precipitation collected at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and are a part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. The solute fluxes in precipitation are calculated as the product of precipitation volume and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term stream water record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term stream and precipitation chemistry record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
    more » « less
  7. These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in stream water measured in watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and are a part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. The solute fluxes in stream water are calculated as the product of the volume of stream water and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term stream water record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term stream and precipitation chemistry record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
    more » « less
  8. These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in stream water measured in watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and are a part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. The solute fluxes in stream water are calculated as the product of the volume of stream water and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term stream water record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term stream and precipitation chemistry record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
    more » « less
  9. These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in stream water measured in watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and are a part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. The solute fluxes in stream water are calculated as the product of the volume of stream water and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term stream water record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term stream and precipitation chemistry record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
    more » « less
  10. These data are monthly fluxes of solutes in precipitation collected at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and are a part of the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER), which is a long-term record of stream and precipitation chemistry and volume. The solute fluxes in precipitation are calculated as the product of precipitation volume and solute concentrations. There are nine gaged watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, some of which have been subjected to experimental manipulations. The calculation of fluxes is currently supervised by John Campbell (US Forest Service). The long-term stream water record is collected and maintained by the US Forest Service. The collection and management of the long-term stream and precipitation chemistry record was initiated in 1963 by Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce, and Noye M. Johnson. HBWatER is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and Jeff Merriam (USFS) and the dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Emma Rosi (Cary IES), Emily Bernhardt (Duke), Lindsey Rustad (USFS), John Campbell (USFS), Bill McDowell (UNH), Charley Driscoll (Syracuse U.), Mark Green (Case Western), and Scott Bailey (USFS). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is provided by NSF LTREB # 1907683 and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 
    more » « less