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  1. Cloud-native microservice applications use different communication paradigms to network microservices, including both synchronous and asynchronous I/O for exchanging data. Existing solutions depend on kernel-based networking, incurring significant overheads. The interdependence between microservices for these applications involves considerable communication, including contention between multiple concurrent flows or user sessions. In this paper, we design X-IO, a high-performance unified I/O interface that is built on top of shared memory processing with lock-free producer/consumer rings, eliminating kernel networking overheads and contention. X-IO offers a feature-rich interface. X-IO’s zero-copy interface supports building provides truly zero-copy data transfers between microservices, achieving high performance. X-IO also provides a POSIX-like socket interface using HTTP/REST API to achieve seamless porting of microservices to X-IO, without any change to the application code. X-IO supports concurrent connections for microservices that require distinct user sessions operating in parallel. Our preliminary experimental results show that X-IO’s zero-copy interfaces achieve 2.8x-4.1x performance improvement compared to kernel-based interfaces. Its socket interfaces outperform kernel TCP sockets and achieve performance close to UNIX-domain sockets. The HTTP/REST APIs in X-IO perform 1.4 x-2.3 x better than kernel-based alternatives with concurrent connections. 
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  2. Cellular network control procedures (e.g., mobility, idle-active transition to conserve energy) directly influence data plane behavior, impacting user-experienced delay. Recognizing this control-data plane interdependence, L25GC re-architects the 5G Core (5GC) network, and its processing, to reduce latency of control plane operations and their impact on the data plane. Exploiting shared memory, L25GC eliminates message serialization and HTTP processing overheads, while being 3GPP-standards compliant. We improve data plane processing by factoring the functions to avoid control-data plane interference, and using scalable, flow-level packet classifiers for forwarding-rule lookups. Utilizing buffers at the 5GC, L25GC implements paging, and an intelligent handover scheme avoiding 3GPP's hairpin routing, and data loss caused by limited buffering at 5G base stations, reduces delay and unnecessary message processing. L25GC's integrated failure resiliency transparently recovers from failures of 5GC software network functions and hardware much faster than 3GPP's reattach recovery procedure. L25GC is built based on free5GC, an open-source kernel-based 5GC implementation. L25GC reduces event completion time by ~50% for several control plane events and improves data packet latency (due to improved control plane communication) by ~2×, during paging and handover events, compared to free5GC. L25GC's design is general, although current implementation supports a limited number of user sessions. 
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